Table 3.
Differences in the changes between baseline and endline measurements of height, weight, muscle strength, and body composition among moderately thin children 5–7 years of age in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia, 2023.
| Variables | Intervention Type | n | Baseline | Endline | Difference | 95% CI | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Lower Bound | Upper Bound | ||||
| Height (cm) | No intervention | 21 | 114.97 ± 7.80 | 115.69 ± 7.96 | 0.72 ± 1.11 | 0.22 | 1.22 | <0.001 |
| RUSF | 23 | 117.53 ± 7.98 | 119.45 ± 7.62 | 1.92 ± 0.70 | 1.62 | 2.22 | ||
| RUSF + HiML | 25 | 117.03 ± 5.03 | 119.95 ± 5.14 | 2.92 ± 0.96 | 2.52 | 3.32 | ||
| Total | 69 | 116.57± 6.97 | 118.49 ± 7.09 | 1.92 ± 1.29 | 1.61 | 2.23 | ||
| Weight (kg) | No intervention | 21 | 17.54 ± 2.40 | 18.92 ± 2.54 | 1.38 ± 0.91 | 0.97 | 1.80 | <0.001 |
| RUSF | 23 | 17.13 ± 2.27 | 20.02 ± 2.41 | 2.89 ± 0.80 | 2.54 | 3.23 | ||
| RUSF + HiML | 25 | 17.03 ± 1.73 | 20.03 ± 1.72 | 3.00 ± 0.93 | 2.62 | 3.39 | ||
| Total | 69 | 17.22 ± 2.12 | 19.69 ± 2.26 | 2.47 ± 1.13 | 2.20 | 2.74 | ||
| Grip strength (kg) | No intervention | 21 | 6.77 ± 2.39 | 7.05 ± 2.14 | 0.28 ± 1.04 | −0.19 | 0.75 | <0.001 |
| RUSF | 23 | 7.42 ± 2.24 | 8.73 ± 2.00 | 1.32 ± 1.91 | 0.49 | 2.14 | ||
| RUSF + HiML | 25 | 5.99 ± 1.69 | 9.07 ± 1.05 | 3.08 ± 1.53 | 2.45 | 3.71 | ||
| Total | 69 | 6.71 ± 2.16 | 8.34 ± 1.95 | 1.64 ± 1.92 | 1.18 | 2.10 | ||
| Elbow flexor (N) | No intervention | 21 | 68.70 ± 11.88 | 74.17 ± 12.07 | 5.46 ± 6.79 | 2.37 | 8.55 | <0.001 |
| RUSF | 23 | 69.61 ± 15.03 | 95.71 ± 19.44 | 26.09 ± 14.02 | 20.03 | 32.15 | ||
| RUSF + HiML | 25 | 71.25 ± 10.14 | 92.64 ± 11.72 | 21.39 ± 9.55 | 17.45 | 25.33 | ||
| Total | 69 | 69.93 ± 12.33 | 88.04 ± 17.34 | 18.11 ± 13.57 | 14.85 | 21.37 | ||
| Quadriceps (N) | No intervention | 21 | 79.37 ± 17.49 | 83.51 ± 15.74 | 4.14 ± 9.69 | −0.28 | 8.55 | <0.001 |
| RUSF | 23 | 79.57 ± 18.08 | 94.70 ± 19.05 | 15.13 ± 16.12 | 8.16 | 22.11 | ||
| RUSF + HiML | 25 | 76.00 ± 15.20 | 96.87 ± 13.37 | 20.87 ± 10.59 | 16.50 | 25.24 | ||
| Total | 69 | 78.21 ± 16.73 | 92.08 ± 16.94 | 13.86 ± 14.11 | 10.47 | 17.25 | ||
| Gastrocnemius sup flexor of the leg (N) | No intervention | 21 | 87.12 ± 13.15 | 93.88 ± 14.35 | 6.76 ± 8.90 | 2.71 | 10.82 | <0.001 |
| RUSF | 23 | 84.91 ± 13.88 | 110.62 ± 12.88 | 25.72 ± 14.58 | 19.41 | 32.02 | ||
| RUSF + HiML | 25 | 80.14 ± 11.22 | 96.65 ± 14.30 | 16.51 ± 9.65 | 12.53 | 20.50 | ||
| Total | 69 | 83.85 ± 12.90 | 100.47 ± 15.49 | 16.61 ± 13.53 | 13.36 | 19.86 | ||
| Fat mass (kg) | No intervention | 21 | 5.80 ± 1.22 | 5.60 ± 1.11 | −0.20 ± 0.80 | −0.56 | 0.16 | 0.032 |
| RUSF | 23 | 5.98 ± 1.49 | 6.60 ± 1.31 | 0.63 ± 1.59 | −0.06 | 1.31 | ||
| RUSF + HiML | 25 | 5.28 ± 1.18 | 5.88 ± 1.38 | 0.60 ± 0.92 | 0.22 | 0.98 | ||
| Total | 69 | 5.67 ± 1.32 | 6.03± 1.33 | 0.37 ± 1.20 | 0.08 | 0.65 | ||
| Fat-free mass (kg) | No intervention | 21 | 13.40 ± 2.45 | 13.28± 2.10 | −0.12 ± 1.36 | −0.74 | 0.50 | <0.001 |
| RUSF | 23 | 12.57 ± 2.07 | 13.49 ± 1.78 | 0.91 ± 1.05 | 0.46 | 1.37 | ||
| RUSF + HiML | 25 | 11.97 ± 2.28 | 14.04 ± 1.50 | 2.08 ± 2.20 | 1.17 | 2.98 | ||
| Total | 69 | 12.60 ± 2.31 | 13.62 ± 1.79 | 1.02 ± 1.85 | 0.58 | 1.46 | ||
RUSF: Ready-to-Use Supplementary Food; HiML: high-intensity motor learning; SD: standard deviation. Bold values indicate significance (alpha < 0.05). Parameters adjusted for age, sex, family size, and socioeconomic status (wealth index).