Table 8.

Parameters of optimization algorithms.

Algorithms	Parameters	Value	Meaning
IZOA	pop	30	Population number
	maxiter	100	Maximum number of iterations
	dim	11	Problem dimension
	$\theta$	2	Controls the amplitude of disturbance
	${\beta }_0$	2	Initial attraction coefficient
	$\delta$	1	Rate of attraction decay adjustment
ZOA	pop	30	Population number
	maxiter	100	Maximum number of iterations
	dim	11	Problem dimension
SA	maxiter	100	Maximum number of iterations
	dim	11	Problem dimension
	tolfun	1 × 10−9	Tolerance for change
PSO	ps	30	Number of particles
	maxiter	100	Maximum number of iterations
	dim	11	Problem dimension
	w	9	Inertia factor
	c1	2	Acceleration constant
	c2	2	Acceleration constant
	v_min	−5	Lower bound of velocity
	v_max	5	Lower bound of velocity