Table 3.
Treatment for all patients and in selected substance classes.
| Treatment | All n = 872 |
All Opiates and Opioids n = 499 |
p | BZD and Z-Drugs n = 467 |
p | Cathinones and PA n = 70 |
p | SCRA n = 53 |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment | Yes | 846 (97.0%) | 492 (98.6%) | 0.002 * | 461 (98.7%) | 0.002 * | 69 (98.6%) | 0.426 | 46 (86.8%) | <0.001 * |
| No | 26 (3.0%) | 7 (1.4%) | 6 (1.3%) | 1 (1.4%) | 7 (13.2%) | |||||
| Intubation | Pre-hospital | 37 (4.2%) | 25 (5.0%) | 0.057 | 21 (4.5%) | 0.723 | 3 (4.3%) | 0.304 | 1 (1.9%) | 0.694 |
| Hospital | 24 (2.8%) | 17 (3.4%) | 13 (2.8%) | 4 (5.7%) | 2 (3.8%) | |||||
| No | 811 (93.0%) | 457 (91.6%) | 433 (92.7%) | 63 (90.0%) | 50 (94.3%) | |||||
| Naloxone | Pre-hospital | 44 (5.0%) | 39 (7.8%) | <0.001 * | 26 (5.6%) | 0.011 * | 2 (2.9%) | 0.638 | 0 (0%) | 0.011 |
| Hospital | 38 (4.4%) | 32 (6.4%) | 29 (6.2%) | 4 (5.7%) | 0 (0%) | |||||
| Both | 7 (0.8%) | 7 (1.4%) | 4 (0.9%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |||||
| No | 783 (89.8%) | 421 (84.4%) | 408 (87.4%) | 64 (91.4%) | 53 (100%) | |||||
| Flumazenil | Pre-hospital | 18 (2.1%) | 13 (2.6%) | 0.002 * | 14 (3.0%) | <0.001 * | 0 (0%) | 0.878 | 0 (0%) | 0.076 |
| Hospital | 28 (3.2%) | 23 (4.6%) | 24 (5.1%) | 4 (5.8%) | 0 (0%) | |||||
| Both | 1 (0.1%) | 1 (0.2%) | 1 (0.2%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |||||
| No | 824 (94.5%) | 462 (92.6%) | 428 (91.6%) | 65 (94.2%) | 52 (100%) | |||||
| Sedation | Pre-hospital | 53 (6.1%) | 22 (4.4%) | <0.001 * | 11 (2.4%) | <0.001 * | 5 (7.1%) | <0.001 * | 10 (18.9%) | <0.001 * |
| Hospital | 219 (25.1%) | 90 (18.1%) | 95 (20.3%) | 27 (38.6%) | 9 (17.0%) | |||||
| Both | 70 (8.0%) | 30 (6.0%) | 27 (5.8%) | 11 (15.7%) | 3 (5.7%) | |||||
| No | 529 (60.7%) | 356 (71.5%) | 334 (71.5%) | 27 (38.6%) | 31 (58.5%) | |||||
BZD = benzodiazepines, PA = Phenethylamines. Bold * = p < 0.05