Table 1.
Population characteristics grouped by without metabolic syndrome, de novo metabolic syndrome, remitting metabolic syndrome and persistent metabolic syndrome
| Without metabolic syndrome (n = 10863) | De novo metabolic syndrome (n = 1340) | Remitting metabolic syndrome (n = 825) | Persistent metabolic syndrome (n = 1581) | Overall (n = 14609) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years at timepoint 2 | 60.5 ± 6.1 | 61.4 ± 6.3 | 61.1 ± 6.1 | 61.8 ± 6.2 | 60.8 ± 6.1 | <0.001** |
| Age range at timepoint 1 | 50–86 | 50–87 | 50–78 | 50–83 | 50–87 | |
| Age range at timepoint 2 | 51–89 | 51–90 | 52–82 | 52–86 | 51–90 | |
| Female sex | 6278 (57.8%) | 727 (54.3%) | 419 (50.8%) | 816 (51.6%) | 8240 (56.4%) | <0.001** |
| Education level | <0.001** | |||||
| Low | 3439 (31.7%) | 531 (39.6%) | 318 (38.5%) | 656 (41.5%) | 4944 (33.8%) | |
| Intermediate | 3474 (32.0%) | 423 (31.6%) | 278 (33.7%) | 497 (31.4%) | 4672 (32.0%) | |
| High | 3950 (36.3%) | 386 (28.8%) | 229 (27.8%) | 428 (27.1%) | 4993 (34.2%) | |
| Cogstate Brief Battery score | ||||||
| Detection task (median, IQR) | 2.568 (2.487–2.666) | 2.575 (2.498–2.673) | 2.565 (2.495–2.670) | 2.584 (2.506–2.686) | 2.570 (2.490–2.669) | |
| Identification task (median, IQR) | 2.695 (2.654–2.744) | 2.699 (2.657–2.746) | 2.700 (2.658–2.747) | 2.706 (2.663–2.752) | 2.697 (2.655–2.745) | |
| One-back task (median, IQR) | 2.919 (2.862–2.981) | 2.918 (2.861–2.976) | 2.925 (2.861–2.986) | 2.925 (2.869–2.982) | 2.923 (2.863–2.981) | |
| One-card learning task (median, IQR) | 0.964 (0.896–1.033) | 0.964 (0.886–1.033) | 0.951 (0.886–1.033) | 0.951 (0.886–1.019) | 0.964 (0.891–1.033) | |
| Pack-years (median, IQR) at timepoint 1 | 8.8 (3.5–18.0) | 12.0 (5.3–22.6) | 13.5 (5.5–23.7) | 15.5 (7.0–26.4) | 10.0 (4.0–19.8) | <0.001** |
| Smoking habit (non-smokers) at timepoint 1 | 3524 (35.9%) | 324 (27.3%) | 201 (27.4%) | 382 (27.1%) | 4431 (33.7%) | <0.001** |
| Diet score at timepoint 1 | 26.68 ± 5.74 | 25.73 ± 5.80 | 25.45 ± 5.85 | 24.92 ± 5.78 | 26.34 ± 5.79 | <0.001** |
| Physical activity score (median, IQR) at timepoint 1 | 726.2 (300.0–1440.0) | 595.0 (225.0–1327.5) | 565.0 (187.5–1237.5) | 510.0 (150.0–1110.0) | 675.0 (300.0–1383.8) | <0.001** |
| Interval assessment timepoint 1 and 2 | 3.67 ± 0.93 | 3.75 ± 0.91 | 3.71 ± 0.96 | 3.66 ± 0.95 | 3.69 ± 0.93 | 0.128 |
SD = standard deviation; IQR = interquartile range; de novo metabolic syndrome = participants without metabolic syndrome at timepoint 1 and with metabolic syndrome at timepoint 2; remitting metabolic syndrome = participants with metabolic syndrome at timepoint 1 and not at timepoint 2; persistent metabolic syndrome = participants with metabolic syndrome at both 1 and 2. Data are presented as frequency (%) for categorical variables and mean ± SD for continuous variables unless indicated otherwise. Complete data for pack-years (5913 missing), diet score (990 missing), and physical activity (1016 missing) was not available for all participants.