Table 1.
Sample Characteristics of Older Patients on Insulin or Sulfonylureas Stratified by Food Insecurity (n = 1,164)*
| All (N = 1164) N (weighted percent†) |
Food insecurity (N = 107) N (weighted percent†) |
No food insecurity (N = 1026) N (weighted percent†) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), years | 74.5 (6.5) | 73.7 (6.5) | 74.7 (6.5) | 0.11 |
| Ages 65–74 | 365 (60.4) | 39 (66.8) | 326 (60.8) | 0.42 |
| Ages 75–84 | 459 (32.0) | 42 (26.7) | 402 (31.9) | |
| Ages 85–100 | 340 (7.6) | 26 (6.6) | 298 (7.3) | |
| Female | 516 (44.7) | 53 (41.7) | 442 (43.9) | 0.73 |
| Race and Ethnicity | 0.001 | |||
| African American | 98 (9.1) | 17 (14.6) | 75 (7.8) | |
| Asian | 212 (21.6) | 34 (30.3) | 175 (20.6) | |
| Latino | 137 (14.2) | 15 (17.5) | 115 (13.4) | |
| Multiethnic/Other | 66 (5.8) | 7 (11.9) | 54 (4.9) | |
| White | 651 (49.3) | 34 (25.7) | 607 (53.3) | |
| Financial strain | 167 (19.2) | 68 (77.1) | 93 (10.4) | < 0.0001 |
| HbA1c (mean, SD) | 7.71 (1.47) | 8.13 (1.6) | 7.60 (1.4) | < 0.0001 |
| Multi-comorbid burden‡ | 769 (56.2) | 74 (59.7) | 674 (56.1) | 0.0009 |
| Frailty§ | 449 (18.5) | 41 (18.6) | 394 (18.6) | 1.00 |
| Hypoglycemia-prone medications dispensed | 0.41 | |||
| Insulin only | 342 (28.4) | 32 (29.5) | 303 (28.1) | |
| Sulfonylurea only | 595 (51.9) | 52 (45.5) | 526 (53.1) | |
| Insulin and sulfonylurea | 227 (19.8) | 23 (25.0) | 197 (18.7) | |
| Economic food insecurity (due to financial limitations) | 75 (9.9) | 75 (78.8) | 0 | NA |
| Physical food insecurity (due to difficulty cooking or shopping for food) | 72 (7.6) | 72 (61.5) | 0 | NA |
| Self-reported severe hypoglycemia episode in the past 12 months | 62 (5.4) | 11 (15.3) | 48 (4.1) | 0.0002 |