Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate analysis of variables related to gastroparesis

Variables	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	OR	95%CI	P value	OR	95%CI	P value
Sex
Female	Reference
Male	0.839	[0.507, 1.389]	0.495
Age
< 65	Reference			Reference
≥ 65	4.653	[2.778, 7.793]	< 0.001	3.664	[1.73, 7.857]	0.001
BMI
< 25 kg/m2	Reference			Reference
≥ 25 kg/m2	1.782	[1.074, 2.957]	0.025	1.393	[0.677, 2.849]	0.363
ASA
< 3	Reference
≥ 3	1.513	[0.910, 2.516]	0.111
Drinking history
No	Reference
Yes	0.875	[0.507, 1.511]	0.631
Smoking history
No	Reference			Reference
Yes	1.954	[1.175, 3.251]	0.01	1.148	[0.537, 2.401]	0.717
ALB
≥ 30 g/L	Reference			Reference
< 30 g/L	4.273	[2.547, 7.168]	< 0.001	2.738	[1.306, 5.784]	0.008
NRS2002 score
< 3	Reference
≥ 3	0.891	[0.512, 1.551]	0.683
Surgical history
No	Reference			Reference
Yes	2.586	[1.545, 4.329]	< 0.001	1.332	[0.634, 2.778]	0.444
Anemia
No	Reference			Reference
Yes	3.868	[2.317, 6.459]	< 0.001	4.175	[2.005, 8.957]	< 0.001
Hyperlipidemia
No	Reference
Yes	1.725	[0.973, 3.059]	0.062
Hypertension
No	Reference			Reference
Yes	1.775	[1.062, 2.968]	0.029	1.348	[0.652, 2.814]	0.42
Diabetes
No	Reference			Reference
Yes	7.434	[4.387, 12.595]	< 0.001	4.813	[2.298, 10.216]	< 0.001
Hypothyroidism
No	Reference			Reference
Yes	4.113	[2.459, 6.878]	< 0.001	3.88	[1.87, 8.229]	< 0.001
COPD
No	Reference
Yes	1.768	[0.986, 3.172]	0.056
CHD
No	Reference
Yes	0.99	[0.476, 2.060]	0.978
Adjuvant radiotherapy
No	Reference			Reference
Yes	1.763	[1.034, 3.006]	0.037	2.479	[1.126, 5.453]	0.023
Adjuvant chemotherapy
No	Reference
Yes	1.381	[0.807, 2.361]	0.239
Surgical procedure
Laparoscopic surgery	Reference			Reference
Open surgery	2.707	[1.593, 4.600]	< 0.001	3.303	[1.514, 7.246]	0.003
Emergency surgery
No	Reference
Yes	1.315	[0.764, 2.263]	0.323
Surgery time
< 270 min	Reference			Reference
≥ 270 min	2.406	[1.447, 4.001]	0.001	2.655	[1.284, 5.634]	0.009
Intraoperative bleeding
< 100 ml	Reference			Reference
≥ 100 ml	3.727	[2.214, 6.275]	< 0.001	3.206	[1.545, 6.803]	0.002
Blood transfusion
No	Reference
Yes	1.042	[0.553, 1.964]	0.898
SPO2
No	Reference
Yes	0.991	[0.527, 1.865]	0.978
T-stage
T1–T2	Reference			Reference
T3–T4	2.856	[1.717, 4.749]	< 0.001	1.474	[0.7, 3.066]	0.301
N-stage
N0	Reference			Reference
N1–N2	2.27	[1.362, 3.782]	0.002	1.877	[0.896, 3.913]	0.092
PNI
No	Reference
Yes	1.621	[0.794, 3.311]	0.185
Tumor number
< 2	Reference			Reference
≥ 2	5.134	[3.052, 8.636]	< 0.001	3.751	[1.844, 7.749]	< 0.001
Tumor size
< 5 cm	Reference			Reference
≥ 5 cm	3.677	[2.191, 6.172]	< 0.001	4.14	[2.022, 8.751]	< 0.001
CEA level
< 5 ng/ml	Reference
≥ 5 ng/ml	0.578	[0.303, 1.102]	0.096
CA199 level
< 37 U/mL	Reference
≥ 37 U/mL	1.064	[0.604, 1.873]	0.83
PCT level
< 0.05 ng/ml	Reference
≥ 0.05 ng/ml	0.866	[0.482, 1.555]	0.63
CRP level
< 10 mg/l	Reference			Reference
≥ 10 mg/l	2.011	[1.212, 3.337]	0.007	1.515	[0.717, 3.179]	0.271
SAA level
< 10 mg/l	Reference			Reference
≥ 10 mg/l	1.842	[1.103, 3.077]	0.02	1.14	[0.53, 2.402]	0.733

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; ASA, The American Society of Anesthesiologists; ALB, albumin; CA125, carbohydrate antigen 125; CA19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19–9; PCT, procalcitonin; CRP, C-reactive protein; SAA, serum amyloid A; NRS2002, nutrition risk screening 2002; CHD, coronary heart disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SPO₂, percutaneous arterial oxygen saturation