FIG. 1.

PDTC decreases CVB3 viral RNA expression, viral protein synthesis, and viral progeny release of infected cells. (A) HeLa cells were sham-infected with PBS or infected with CVB3 (MOI = 10) in the presence or absence of 100 μM PDTC in the complete medium (with 10% NCF). Six hours postinfection, positive-stranded viral RNA was determined by in situ hybridization using antisense riboprobes for CVB3 (red). Cell nuclei were counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). (B) HeLa cells were infected with CVB3 in the presence or absence of various concentrations of PDTC in an identical manner as described above. Seven hours postinfection, cell lysates were collected and immunoblotted with anti-VP1 and anti-β-actin (loading control) antibodies. (C) HeLa Cells were infected with CVB3 (MOI = 1) in the presence of 100 μM PDTC. Twenty-four hours postinfection, medium was collected from CVB3-infected cells and virus titer was determined by plaque assays. The data shown are means ± standard deviations from three independent experiments.