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. 2024 Sep 27;15:8377. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-52729-0

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a, b Distribution of lactylated α-tubulin in the soluble tubulin dimers (S), but not the polymerized microtubules (P). n = 4 experiments. Two-sided paired student’s t-test, for Lac-tub, p = 0.0037. For Ac-tub, p = 0.0193. c, d HEK293T cells were treated with Nocodazole (Noco) or Taxol for 12 h. Immunoblotting revealed α-tubulin lactylation levels in HEK293T cells after treatment. The concentration of Nocodazole or Taxol was 1 μM. n = 9 experiments. Two-sided paired student’s t-test, for Lac-tub, Noco vs Ctrl, p = 0.0272; Taxol vs Ctrl, p = 0.0078. For Ac-tub, Noco vs Ctrl, p = 0.0006; Taxol vs Ctrl, p = 0.0018. e–h Representative images of cortical neurons at DIV1, stained using anti-lactylated-α-tubulin (green), and anti-acetylated-α-tubulin (red) in (e), and Phalloidin (red) to label F-actin in (g). The top left region indicates higher-magnification images. The arrow head indicates the growth cone. The fluorescence-intensity profile of lactylated-α-tubulin (blue), and acetylated-α-tubulin (red) in (f), or lactylated-α-tubulin (blue), and Phalloidin (red) in (h) were obtained along the while line. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.