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. 2024 Aug 2;133(4):262–275. doi: 10.1038/s41437-024-00711-3

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Linkage maps of the hihi (each vertical bar represents one linkage map) with horizontal lines representing the location of each marker. The background colour of the bars represents local recombination rate and is calculated from centiMorgan (cM) per SNP locus based on windows of 30 SNPs. Given that markers are relatively evenly spread across the genome, cool regions indicate low local recombination rates while hot regions indicate high local recombination rates. The inset map shows the location of present-day hihi populations (dark circles) on the North Island of Aotearoa New Zealand and the label indicates the location of our study population from Tiritiri Matangi Island, accompanied by illustrations highlighting the sexual dimorphism in plumage between male and female hihi (illustrations by Hui Zhen Tan). b Comparison of sex-averaged map length (cM) against physical size (Mb) of each autosomal linkage group. Solid brown line represents the linear regression and shaded area represents the 95% confidence interval. c Sex-averaged recombination rate (cM/Mb) of each autosomal linkage group against physical size (Mb).