Table 6.
Meta-analysis of the prevalence of Oropouche Virus isolates among subjects with signs/symptoms of arbovirus infection; blood specimens (note: 95%CI = 95% confidence interval).
| Testing | No. of Series | No. of Observations | No. of Events | Detection Rate (%, 95%CI) | I2 (95%CI) | Tau2 | Q | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virological assay | ||||||||
| Overall | 49 | 33,156 | 553 | 0.45 (0.16 to 1.23) | 94.9% (85.7 to 93.9) | 9.647 | 942.13 | <0.001 |
| Virus isolation | 8 | 1420 | 146 | 13.91 (5.66 to 30.34) | 95.3% | 1.875 | 147.87 | |
| RT-qPCR | 27 | 10,761 | 18 | 0.80 (0.31 to 2.06) | 93.5% | 5.585 | 402.38 | |
| RT-qPCR (on IFAT) | 13 | 20,880 | 366 | 0.03 (0.01 to 0.16) | 0.0% | 1.115 | 0.359 | |
| RT-qPCR (on MNT) | 1 | 95 | 23 | 24.21 (16.65 to 33.81) | - | - | - | |
| Serology, IgM only | ||||||||
| Overall | 12 | 13,037 | 755 | 12.45 (3.28 to 37.39) | 98.5% (98.1 to 98.8) | 6.310 | 726.71 | <0.001 |
| ELISA | 4 | 1404 | 394 | 34.83 (20.42 to 52.69) | 97.4% | 0.539 | 114.57 | |
| ELISA (on HAT) | 8 | 11633 | 361 | 6.61 (0.95 to 34.27) | 98.8% | 8.124 | 596.32 | |
| Serology, IgM/IgG | ||||||||
| Overall | 14 | 11,411 | 872 | 12.21 (4.96 to 27.09) | 99.0% (98.8 to 99.2) | 3.318 | 1337.11 | <0.001 |
| HAT | 9 | 3194 | 627 | 24.66 (10.97 to 46.51) | 98.7% | 2.143 | 629.52 | |
| PRT | 4 | 1610 | 177 | 4.31 (1.12 to 15.14) | 90.6% | 1.501 | 31.90 | |
| IFAT | 1 | 6607 | 68 | 1.03 (0.81 to 1.30) | - | - | ||
Note: I2 = percent proportion of variance in study estimates that is due to heterogeneity; tau2 = estimate of variance of underlying distribution of true effect sizes; Q = weighted sum of squared differences between individual study effects and pooled effect across studies; 95%CI = 95% confidence interval; RT-qPCR = real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; IFAT = indirect immunofluorescence analysis; MNT = microneutralization test; ELISA = enzyme-linked immune assay; HAT = hemagglutination test; PRT = plaque reduction neutralization test.