TABLE 3.

HIV-1-specific IFN-γ responses in HIV-1 unexposed, uninfected infants and HIV-1-infected infants measured at 3 months of age

Parameter	Infant			P valuec
	Unexposeda	Exposed-infectedb
		In utero	Peripartum
No. of individuals tested	7	18	27
No. of peptides tested (range of median)	5 (1-9)	11 (6-18)	9 (1-19)	.2
Background SFU/106 PBMC median (25th-75th quartile)	57 (20-90)	34 (19-64)	20 (14-40)	.08
No. with positive responses (%)	0	12 (67)	14 (52)	.4
No. of positive peptides (range of median)	0	2 (1-6)	2 (1-6)	.3
Mean positive HIV SFU/106 PBMC median (25th-75th quartile)	n.a.d	151 (83-396)	384 (216-522)	.06
Peak positive HIV SFU/106 PBMC median (25th-75th quartile)	n.a.	155 (103-693)	458 (216-953)	.06

^aUnexposed infants were born to HIV-1-seronegative women. The infection status of an infant was confirmed by testing for HIV-1 DNA in dried blood spots collected at the time of the visit, as described in Materials and Methods.

^bInfants were categorized as infected in utero if HIV-1 DNA or RNA was detected in dried blood spots or plasma collected within the first 48 h of life. Infants were categorized as infected peripartum if HIV-1 DNA or RNA was undetectable within the first 48 h of life and detectable at 1 month of life.

^cThe P values for differences in responses between infants infected in utero and peripartum was determined by nonparametric test for differences in medians from independent samples, except for comparisons of numbers of individuals with positive responses, in which the P values were calculated from the chi-square statistic.

^dn.a., not applicable.