Table 4.

Analysis of differences between participants who had ever tested or used an artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot for questions related to clinical practice and those who had not.

Characteristics	Users (n = 80)	Non-users (n = 182)	p value
Age – years
<30	10 (12.5)	22 (12.1)	>.99
31–40	39 (48.8)	85 (46.7)	.79
41–50	19 (23.8)	40 (22.0)	.75
51–60	8.0 (10.0)	23 (12.6)	.68
>60	4.0 (5.0)	12 (6.6)	.78
Sex
Male	69 (86.3)	116 (63.7)	<.001
Female	11 (13.8)	66 (36.3)	<.001
Position
Consultant or attending physician	50 (62.5)	118 (64.8)	.78
Fellow	22 (27.5)	45 (24.7)	.65
Resident doctor	6 (7.5)	14 (7.7)	>.99
Not specified	2 (2.5)	5 (2.7)	>.99
Number of years of practice of vascular surgery (starting from the beginning of residency) – years
0–5	23 (28.8)	48 (26.4)	.76
6–10	18 (22.5)	44 (24.2)	.87
11–15	17 (21.3)	34 (18.7)	.61
16–20	10 (12.5)	24 (13.2)	>.99
>20	12 (15.0)	32 (17.6)	.72
Type of health institute∗
University hospital	65 (81.3)	124 (68.1)	.036
Regional hospital	13 (16.3)	39 (21.4)	.40
Private healthcare institution	9 (11.3)	32 (17.6)	.27
Past training or course related to AI in healthcare∗
University degree or university course in AI	3 (3.8)	2.0 (1.1)	.17
Research activity in AI	13 (16.3)	7 (3.8)	.002
Attendance to conferences in AI	13 (16.3)	7 (3.8)	.006
No training or course	54 (67.5)	167 (91.8)	<.001
Rate your knowledge about the abilities of AI chatbots
Very good	6 (7.5)	2.0 (1.1)	.011
Good	28 (35)	28 (15.4)	<.001
Average	31 (38.8)	61 (33.5)	.48
Poor	14 (17.5)	65 (35.7)	.003
Very poor	1.0 (1.3)	26 (14.3)	<.001
Rate how experienced you are in the use of AI chatbots
Very experienced	6 (7.5)	1 (0.5)	<.001
Somewhat experienced	24 (30.0)	17 (9.3)	<.001
Average	27 (33.8)	50 (27.5)	.31
Somewhat inexperienced	20 (25)	56 (30.8)	.38
Very inexperienced	3 (3.8)	58 (31.9)	<.001

^∗Multiple answers possible.