Table 1.
Population characteristics. RPS São Luís (N = 2515)
| Overall | Male | Female | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adolescent education | 0.160 | |||
| High school or more | 2486 (98.9) | 1177 (47.5) | 1301 (52.5) | |
| Elementary school or less | 27 (1.1) | 17 (63.0) | 10 (37.0) | |
| Family head education | 0.011 | |||
| High school or more | 1919 (76.5) | 942 (49.1) | 977 (50.9) | |
| Elementary school or less | 588 (23.5) | 253 (43.0) | 335 (57.0) | |
| Household income | 1.00 | |||
| > USD 270.76 | 1214 (54.2) | 575 (47.5) | 635 (52.5) | |
| ≤ USD 270.76 | 1026 (45.8) | 486 (47.5) | 537 (52.5) | |
| Socioeconomic class | 0.018 | |||
| A/B | 654 (29.5) | 334 (51.2) | 318 (48.8) | |
| C/D/E | 1560 (70.5) | 709 (45.6) | 845 (54.4) | |
| Smoking | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 2407 (96.5) | 1127 (46.8) | 1280 (53.2) | |
| Yes | 88 (3.5) | 61 (69.3) | 27 (30.7) | |
| Alcohol use | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 2026 (80.7) | 905 (44.8) | 1116 (55.2) | |
| Yes | 486 (19.3) | 290 (59.7) | 196 (40.3) | |
| Drug use | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 2030 (82.1) | 913 (45.0) | 1117 (55.0) | |
| Yes | 443 (17.9) | 264 (59.6) | 179 (40.4) | |
| Sutured fat consumptiona | < 0.001 | |||
| < 10% | 1819 (72.8) | 935 (51.4) | 884 (48.6) | |
| ≥ 10% | 680 (27.2) | 254 (37.4) | 426 (62.6) | |
| Lipids consumptiona | < 0.001 | |||
| < 30% | 2249 (90.0) | 1102 (49.0) | 1147 (51.0) | |
| ≥ 30% | 250 (10.0) | 87 (34.8) | 163 (65.2) | |
| Free sugar consumption | ||||
| < 5%a | 6 (0.2) | 5 (83.3) | 1 (16.7) | 0.178 |
| ≥ 5% | 2493 (99.8) | 1184 (47.5) | 1309 (52.5) | |
| < 10%a | 56 (2.2) | 29 (51.8) | 27 (48.2) | 0.616 |
| ≥ 10% | 2443 (97.8) | 1160 (47.5) | 1283 (52.5) | |
| < 25 gb | 25 (1.0) | 14 (56.0) | 11 (44.0) | 0.524 |
| ≥ 25 g | 2482 (99.0) | 1181 (47.6) | 1301 (52.4) | |
| Sodium consumption | 0.230 | |||
| < 5 g | 2415 (96.3) | 1145 (47.4) | 1270 (52.6) | |
| ≥ 5 g | 92 (3.7) | 50 (54.3) | 42 (45.7) | |
| Protein consumptionc | 0.950 | |||
| ≥ 0.8 g/kg | 1734 (70.5) | 833 (48.0) | 901 (52.0) | |
| < 0.8 g/kg | 725 (29.5) | 350 (48.3) | 375 (51.7) | |
| 0.690 | ||||
| ≤ 2.0 g/kg | 2227 (90.6) | 1068 (48.0) | 1159 (52.0) | |
| > 2.0 g/kg | 232 (9.4) | 115 (49.6) | 117 (50.4) | |
| Fiber consumption | < 0.001 | |||
| ≥ 25 g for women; ≥ 38 g for men | 1446 (58.0) | 558 (38.6) | 886 (61.4) | |
| < 25 g for women; < 38 g for men | 1049 (42.0) | 634 (60.4) | 415 (39.6) | |
| Body mass index | 0.530 | |||
| Eutrophic | 2002 (81.0) | 962 (48.1) | 1040 (51.9) | |
| Overweight/Obesity | 370 (15.0) | 169 (45.7) | 201 (54.3) | |
| Blood pressure | < 0.001 | |||
| < 130/80 mgHg | 2055 (83.3) | 882 (43.0) | 1168 (57.0) | |
| ≥ 130/80 mgHg | 413 (16.7) | 302 (73.1) | 111 (26.9) | |
| PWVd | < 0.001 | |||
| < 90th percentile | 1983 (89.0) | 920 (46.5) | 1058 (53.5) | |
| ≥ 90th percentile | 245 (11.0) | 153 (62.4) | 92 (37.6) | |
| Body fat | < 0.001 | |||
| < 30% for women; < 25% for men | 1810 (73.5) | 1059 (58.7) | 745 (41.3) | |
| ≥ 30% for women; ≥ 25% for men | 652 (26.5) | 121 (18.6) | 531 (81.4) | |
| Total cholesterol | < 0.001 | |||
| < 200 mg/dL | 2071 (90.1) | 1034 (50.1) | 1029 (49.9) | |
| ≥ 200 mg/dL | 228 (9.9) | 73 (32.0) | 155 (68.0) | |
| LDL-c | 0.001 | |||
| < 130 mg/dL | 2107 (92.0) | 1041 (49.4) | 1066 (50.6) | |
| ≥ 130 mg/dL | 184 (8.0) | 67 (36.4) | 117 (63.6) | |
| VLDL-c | 0.002 | |||
| < 30 mg/dL | 2089 (90.9) | 984 (47.3) | 1097 (52.7) | |
| ≥ 30 mg/dL | 209 (9.1) | 123 (58.9) | 86 (41.1) | |
| Triglycerides | < 0.001 | |||
| < 150 mg/dL | 2088 (91.1) | 985 (47.2) | 1103 (52.8) | |
| ≥ 150 mg/dL | 203 (8.9) | 123 (60.6) | 80 (39.4) | |
| HDL-c | < 0.001 | |||
| ≥ 40 mg/dL | 1834 (80.0) | 782 (42.6) | 1052 (57.4) | |
| < 40 mg/dL | 458 (20.0) | 326 (71.2) | 132 (28.8) | |
| Triglycerides/ HDL-c | < 0.001 | |||
| < 1.75 | 1471 (59.2) | 584 (39.8) | 882 (60.2) | |
| ≥ 1.75 | 1014 (40.8) | 599 (59.2) | 412 (40.8) | |
| TyG index | 0.688 | |||
| < 7.94 | 634 (27.7) | 307 (48.7) | 324 (51.3) | |
| ≥ 7.94 | 1653 (72.3) | 785 (47.6) | 864 (52.4) | |
| Asthma | 0.040 | |||
| No | 2209 (88.7) | 1035 (46.9) | 1174 (53.1) | |
| Yes | 282 (11.3) | 151 (53.5) | 131 (46.5) | |
| FEV1e | < 0.001 | |||
| > 80% | 1485 (66.1) | 758 (51.0) | 727 (49.0) | |
| ≤ 80% | 762 (33.9) | 316 (41.5) | 446 (58.5) | |
| Depression | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 2135 (85.7) | 1089 (51.0) | 1046 (49.0) | |
| Yes | 356 (14.3) | 97 (27.2) | 259 (72.8) | |
| Suicide risk | < 0.001 | |||
| 1–5 score | 2368 (94.5) | 1155 (48.8) | 1213 (51.2) | |
| ≥ 6 score | 139 (5.5) | 40 (28.8) | 99 (71.2) | |
| Physical activity | < 0.001 | |||
| ≥ 150 min | 1377 (55.2) | 892 (64.8) | 485 (35.2) | |
| < 150 min | 1117 (44.8) | 295 (26.4) | 822 (73.6) | |
| Sleep quality | < 0.001 | |||
| Good | 977 (46.3) | 527 (53.9) | 450 (46.1) | |
| Poor | 1133 (53.7) | 471 (41.6) | 662 (58.4) | |
| Sleepiness | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 1582 (63.2) | 808 (51.1) | 774 (48.9) | |
| Yes | 920 (36.8) | 383 (41.6) | 537 (58.4) | |
| Caries | 0.565 | |||
| No | 1054 (44.1) | 492 (46.8) | 559 (53.2) | |
| Yes | 1336 (55.9) | 640 (48.1) | 691 (51.9) | |
| Severe caries | 0.220 | |||
| No | 1459 (73.5) | 688 (47.3) | 766 (52.7) | |
| Yes | 527 (26.5) | 265 (50.6) | 259 (49.4) | |
| Periodontitis | 0.013 | |||
| No | 1548 (65.0) | 710 (46.0) | 835 (54.0) | |
| Yes | 832 (35.0) | 426 (51.4) | 403 (48.6) | |
| Bleeding on probingf | 0.706 | |||
| < 15% | 1352 (56.8) | 640 (47.5) | 708 (52.5) | |
| ≥ 15% | 1028 (43.2) | 496 (48.3) | 530 (51.7) |
The p-value was obtained from the Chi-squared test to observe differences between the sexes at a significance level of 5%. Totals may vary due to missing data for some variables
a% of total daily calories
bgrams per day
cConsumption in grams in relation to body weight
dPWV: Pulse wave velocity
eFEV1: Forced expiratory volume in the first second
f% of sites affected in comparison to the total evaluated