Figure 4. Imaging techniques for OA diagnosis utilizing NPs. (A) CT imaging employing multi-arm avidin NPs conjugated with anionic ioxaglate, developed by Zhang et al.174 (B) Photoacoustic imaging facilitated by PLL-coated cationic melanin NPs, as devised by Chen et al.175 (C) MRI employing superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs coated with PEG and cartilage-targeting peptide, engineered by Wu et al.179 Created with BioRender.com, Procreate and Microsoft PowerPoint. CT: computed tomography; IOX: ioxaglate; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; NP: nanoparticle; OA: osteoarthritis; PEG: polyethylene glycol; PLL: poly-L-lysine.
