| Liposomes |
Increased drug therapeutic efficiency, increased drug stability, low toxicity, tunability, biocompatibility |
Low solubility, high cost, leakage/fusion, short half-life |
110
|
| Micelles |
Small sizes, simple preparation, high encapsulation capacity, increased water solubility |
Fast clearance, stability concern, limited drug loading, critical micelle concentration |
111-113
|
| Polymersomes |
Chemical versatility, increased stability than liposomes, flexible cargo capacity, prolonged half-life |
Inferior biocompatibility/biodegradability, low permeability, disintergration |
114, 115
|
| Polyplexes |
Tunability, protect nucleic acids from degeneration, high water solubility |
Toxicity, biodegradability concern, low transfection efficiency |
116
|
| Dendrimers |
Increased drug solubility, tunability, covalently binding cargo, increased drug exposure time/efficiency |
High cost, toxicity, scalability, stability |
113
|
| Gold nanoparticles |
Uniformity, tunability, increased surface area, enhanced loading capacity |
Toxicity |
117, 118
|
| Avidin |
High biotin affinity, preferable versatility, non-toxicity, electronic interaction |
Immunogenicity, toxicity, denaturation concerns |
119
|
| Exosomes |
Versatility, biocompatibility, improved targeting |
Scalability, heterogeneity, the lack of standard administrative protocol |
120, 121
|
