Table 5.

General guidelines for effective use of pulse oximetry

Guideline	Details
Sensor placement	Place on well-perfused areas (finger, toe, earlobe) based on the child’s age and size
Sensor securement	Secure snugly but not too tightly to prevent motion artifacts and ensure optimal signal quality
Establish baseline	Establish a baseline oxygen saturation level for each patient to interpret subsequent readings accurately
Considerations	The expected oxygen saturation range should be determined based on age, baseline respiratory status, and underlying medical conditions
Continuous monitoring	Continuous monitoring should be used in critically ill or high-risk patients to promptly detect changes in oxygen saturation
Additional parameters	Monitor respiratory rate, heart rate, level of consciousness, and skin color alongside oxygen saturation levels
Minimizing artifacts	Minimize patient movement, ensure proper sensor placement, and use immobilization techniques or sedation as needed to reduce motion artifacts
Equipment maintenance	Regularly monitor and address technical issues and calibrate equipment according to manufacturer’s guidelines
Sensor replacement	Replace sensors as needed to maintain accuracy and reliability
Alternative sites	Alternative sensor placement sites (forehead or palm) should be used for patients with poor peripheral perfusion or compromised circulation
Trend monitoring	Monitor trends in oxygen saturation over time rather than relying solely on individual readings
Education	Educate parents, caregivers, and healthcare staff about the importance of pulse oximetry and proper sensor placement
Documentation	Document pulse oximetry readings, relevant clinical information, and interventions in the patient’s medical record
Optimization	Every effort should be made to optimize pulse oximetry monitoring effectiveness, improving patient outcomes and care quality