Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2024 Sep 28;14:22508. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-73434-4

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 2 — Ground truth annotation process. This figure illustrates the step-by-step process of creating ground truth annotations for the biliary structure segmentation by referencing indocyanine green (ICG) cholangiography. (a) Actual surgical images extracted from the procedure, (b) Structures of the bile duct extracted from ICG cholangiography, (c) The actual site where the bile duct was transected during surgery, (d) Demonstrates the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), quantitatively showing the level of agreement between the ground truth and the AI-inferred regions, (e) Manual segmentation of the bile duct structure, generated with reference to (b), (f) Segmentation of the anterior wall, representing the proposed area for bile duct transection, created with reference to (c).