Table 3. IBS pharmacological treatments.

First choice medications and dosages for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) treatment (adapted from source [14]).

Irritable bowel syndrome diarrhea predominant
-Loperamide	2-4 mg/d up to 16 mg/d	Peripheral opioid agonist
-Cholestyramine	9 g twice or thrice daily	Bile acid sequestrant
-Colestipol	2 g once or twice a day	Bile acid sequestrant
-Colesevelam	625 mg once or twice a day	Bile acid sequestrant
-Alosetron	0.5-1 mg twice daily	5HT3 receptor antagonist
-Ondansetron	4-8 mg twice daily	5HT3 receptor antagonist
-Ramosetron	5 mg once a day	Mixed opioid agonist/antagonist
-Eluxadoline	100 mg twice a day	Mixed opioid agonist/antagonist
-Rifaximin	550 mg thrice a day/14 days	Antibiotics
Irritable bowel syndrome constipation predominant
-Psyllium	up to 30 g/day in divided doses	Soluble fiber
-Polyethylene glycol	17-34 g/d	Laxatives
-Lubiprostone	8 µg twice daily	Type 2 chloride channel activator
-Linaclotide	290 µg once daily	Guanylate cyclase C agonist
Abdominal pain
-Dicyclomine	10-20 mg once daily	Antispasmodic
-Otilonium	40-80 mg twice or thrice/d	Antispasmodic
-Mebeverine	135 mg thrice daily	Antispasmodic
-Peppermint oil	250-750 mg twice or thrice/d	Antispasmodic
Other medications
-Desipramine	25-100 mg/d	Tricyclic antidepressants
-Amitriptyline	10-50 mg/d	Tricyclic antidepressants
-Paroxetine	10-40 mg/d	Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
-Sertraline	25-100 mg/d	Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors