Table 3.
Mediation analysis between T2DM and HRV via adipose tissue
| Mediation variable | Dependent variable | β (Bootstrap 95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude | Adjusteda | Mediation proportion | ||
| EAT | LF | |||
| Total effect | -0.227 (-0.425, -0.017) | -0.131(-0.551, 0.272) | ||
| Direct effect | -0.108 (-0.314, 0.116) | 0.046 (-0.376, 0.443) | - | |
| Indirect effect | -0.118 (-0.214, -0.050) | -0.177 (-0.341, -0.05) | - | |
| HF | ||||
| Total effect | -0.411 (-0.605, -0.229) | -0.271 (-3.055, 6.553) | ||
| Direct effect | -0.303 (-0.512, -0.104) | -0.097 (-0.477, 0.304) | - | |
| Indirect effect | -0.108 (-0.187, -0.051) | -0.174 (-0.325, -0.058) | 64.21% | |
| LF/HF | ||||
| Total effect | 0.262 (0.020, 0.479) | 0.132 (-0.311, 0.578) | ||
| Direct effect | 0.211 (-0.034, 0.404) | 0.040 (-0.393, 0.460) | - | |
| Indirect effect | 0.051 (-0.001, 0.131) | 0.092 (-0.016, 0.219) | - | |
| SDNN | ||||
| Total effect | -0.973 (-1.171, -0.776) | -1.038 (-1.361, -0.677) | ||
| Direct effect | -0.863 (-1.068, -0.647) | -0.868 (-1.192, -0.526) | - | |
| Indirect effect | -0.110 (-0.196, -0.046) | -0.170 (-0.303, -0.062) | 16.38% | |
| SDANN | ||||
| Total effect | -0.294 (-0.490, -0.094) | -0.300 (-0.670, 0.100) | ||
| Direct effect | -0.155 (-0.371, 0.076) | -0.095 (-0.479, 0.305) | - | |
| Indirect effect | -0.140 (-0.231, -0.068) | -0.205 (-0.354, -0.083) | 68.33% | |
| SDNN index | ||||
| Total effect | -0.527 (-0.768, -0.305) | -0.760 (-1.115, -0.409) | ||
| Direct effect | -0.421 (-0.654, -0.190) | -0.575 (-0.943, -0.208) | - | |
| Indirect effect | -0.105 (-0.180, -0.044) | -0.185 (-0.338, -0.066) | 24.34% | |
| rMSSD | ||||
| Total effect | -0.550 (-0.765, -0.340) | -0.751 (-1.144, -0.353) | ||
| Direct effect | -0.454 (-0.675, -0.241) | -0.571 (-0.950, -0.173) | - | |
| Indirect effect | -0.096 (-0.164, -0.037) | -0.181 (-0.317, -0.059) | 24.10% | |
| pNN50 | ||||
| Total effect | -0.454 (-0.665, -0.243) | -0.508 (-0.899, -0.090) | ||
| Direct effect | -0.370 (-0.598, -0.146) | -0.353 (-0.744, 0.076) | - | |
| Indirect effect | -0.084 (-0.146, -0.028) | -0.155 (-0.288, -0.033) | 30.51% | |
| IPAT | HF | |||
| Total effect | -0.462 (-0.662, -0.284) | -0.273 (-0.657, 0.153) | ||
| Direct effect | -0.412 (-0.642, -0.200) | -0.155 (-0.533, 0.305) | - | |
| Indirect effect | -0.050 (-0.127, 0.025) | -0.118 (-0.287, 0.020) | - | |
| SDNN | ||||
| Total effect | -1.088 (-1.272, -0.906) | -1.090 (-1.388, -0.758) | ||
| Direct effect | -1.057 (-1.265, -0.870) | -1.048 (-1.370, -0.691) | - | |
| Indirect effect | -0.031 (-0.084, 0.026) | -0.042 (-0.148, 0.056) | - | |
aAdjusted for age, gender, HbA1c, FPG, BMI, TG, TC, smoke, alcohol, hypoglycemic therapy (OAD, Insulin, OAD + insulin), medications (ACEI/ARB, statin, antiplatelet), hypertension, CAD, duration of diabetes mellitus. T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; HRV, heart rate variability; EAT, epicardial adipose tissue; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; BMI, body mass index; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; OHA, oral antidiabetic drug; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotension receptor blocker; CAD, coronary artery disease. LF, low frequency; HF, high frequency; LF/HF, the ratio of low frequency/high frequency; SDNN, SD of all normal to normal intervals; SDANN, SD deviation of sequential 5-minute normal to normal interval; SDNN index, the mean value of the SD of all the normal normal to normal intervals in every 5-minute interval within 24 h; rMSSD, the root mean square of successive differences; pNN50, the number of pairs of adjacent normal to normal intervals differing by > 50 ms in the entire recording divided by the total number of normal to normal intervals. CI, confidence interval