Table 1.
Characteristics of the studies included in assessment of MASLD-related multiple CVD
| Author | Country | Type | Study sample | Hepatic steatosis assessment | Types of CV events | Main results | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Koulaouzidis et al., [76] | / | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 10,060 patients | / | CAC | NAFLD/MASLD is associated with a significant odds ratio of CAC progression, with an OR of 1.5 (95% CI: 1.34–1.68, p = 0.001). | |
| Sung et al. [77] | South Korea | Cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort study | 162,180 participants and 34,233 participants | Liver ultrasonography | CAC | MASLD-only group had the strongest association with risk of prevalent CAC ((adjusted OR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.52–1.69]) and (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.03 [95% CI, 1.62–2.55])). | |
| Chen et al. [78] | UK | prospective cohort study | 325,129 participants | FLI | MI and stroke | Individuals with MASLD have a significantly higher risk of developing MI or stroke compared to those without MASLD. (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.29–1.41 P < 0.001] and 1.26 [95% CI, 1.18–1.33 P < 0.001]) | |
| Peng et al. [79] | China | Cross-sectional study | 228 participants | transient elastography with CAP | LVDD and cardiac remodeling | LVDD was significantly more prevalent in the MASLD group compared to the normal group (24.6% vs. 60.8%, p < 0.001). The overweight subgroup and diabetes subgroup were significantly associated with signs of cardiac remodeling, | |
| Wei et al. [80] | China | Retrospective cohort study | 98,685 participants | ultrasonography | HF | Participants with MASLD had an increased risk of HF compared with non-MASLD individuals (HR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.30–1.50) | |
| Lei et al. [81] | China | Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies | 2,083,984 subjects and 54,832 participants | ultrasound | AF | MASLD group showed a significantly higher prevalence of AF (0.30% versus 0.25%) (adjusted OR 1.12(95% CI, 1.05–1.18, P < 0.001)) in the cross-sectional study and (adjusted HR 1.99 (95% CI,1.39–2.83, P < 0.001)) in the longitudinal study | |
CAC:coronary artery calcification, MASLD: metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, NAFLD: nonalcohol fatty liver disease, FLI: fatty liver index, MI: myocardial infarction, LVDD: left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, CAP: controlled attenuation parameter, HF: heart failure, AF: atrial fibrillation