Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population and comparison between healthy controls, and those with MCI and dementia
| Characteristic | N |
Overall, N = 2,216a |
Healthy controls N = 786a |
MCI N = 1,060a |
Dementia N = 370a |
P-value2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 2,216 | 73 (68, 78) | 72 (68, 77) | 73 (68, 78) | 75 (70, 80) | < 0.001 |
| Sex | 2,216 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Female | 1,045 (47%) | 440 (56%) | 442 (42%) | 163 (44%) | ||
| Male | 1,171 (53%) | 346 (44%) | 618 (58%) | 207 (56%) | ||
| Educational level (years) | 2,216 | 16.00 (14.00, 18.00) | 16.00 (15.00, 18.00) | 16.00 (14.00, 18.00) | 16.00 (13.00, 18.00) | < 0.001 |
| Marital status | 2,216 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Currently married | 1,673 (75%) | 547 (70%) | 815 (77%) | 311 (84%) | ||
| Currently not married or unknown | 543 (25%) | 239 (30%) | 245 (23%) | 59 (16%) | ||
| Home | 2,216 | 0.8 | ||||
| House or appartment | 2,101 (95%) | 748 (95%) | 1,006 (95%) | 347 (94%) | ||
| Retirement or nursing institution | 76 (3.4%) | 26 (3.3%) | 34 (3.2%) | 16 (4.3%) | ||
| Other | 39 (1.8%) | 12 (1.5%) | 20 (1.9%) | 7 (1.9%) | ||
| Racial profile | 2,216 | < 0.001 | ||||
| White | 1,952 (88%) | 651 (83%) | 963 (91%) | 338 (91%) | ||
| Black | 167 (7.5%) | 92 (12%) | 56 (5.3%) | 19 (5.1%) | ||
| Other | 97 (4.4%) | 43 (5.5%) | 41 (3.9%) | 13 (3.5%) | ||
| APOE ε4 status | 2,031 | < 0.001 | ||||
| 0 allele | 1,095 (54%) | 488 (70%) | 495 (50%) | 112 (32%) | ||
| 1 allele | 735 (36%) | 188 (27%) | 378 (39%) | 169 (48%) | ||
| 2 alleles | 201 (9.9%) | 22 (3.2%) | 108 (11%) | 71 (20%) | ||
| Missing values | 185 | 88 | 79 | 18 | ||
| ADAS13 total score | 2,216 | 14 (9, 22) | 8 (5, 12) | 16 (11, 21) | 29 (24, 34) | < 0.001 |
| MMSE total score | 2,216 | 28.00 (26.00, 29.00) | 29.00 (29.00, 30.00) | 28.00 (26.00, 29.00) | 23.00 (21.00, 25.00) | < 0.001 |
| CDR-SB | 2,216 | 1.00 (0.00, 2.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 1.50 (1.00, 2.00) | 4.50 (3.50, 5.00) | < 0.001 |
| FAQ total score | 2,211 | 1.0 (0.0, 5.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 1.0 (0.0, 5.0) | 13.0 (8.0, 18.0) | < 0.001 |
| Missing values | 5 | 0 | 4 | 1 | ||
| GDS total score | 2,216 | 1.00 (0.00, 2.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 1.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 3.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 3.00) | < 0.001 |
| BMI | 2,216 | 26.3 (23.9, 29.3) | 26.7 (24.1, 30.0) | 26.3 (24.0, 29.2) | 25.4 (23.1, 28.0) | < 0.001 |
| Cholesterol levels (mg/dL) | 2,216 | 191 (165, 220) | 189 (165, 217) | 191 (165, 221) | 193 (167, 224) | 0.4 |
| Triglyceride levels (mg/dL) | 2,216 | 120 (87, 171) | 116 (85, 164) | 121 (86, 177) | 124 (93, 171) | 0.078 |
| Sleep disorders at baseline | 2,216 | 357 (16%) | 80 (10%) | 193 (18%) | 84 (23%) | < 0.001 |
| Sleep disorders at 12 months | 1,845 | 327 (18%) | 56 (8.7%) | 200 (22%) | 71 (23%) | < 0.001 |
| Missing values | 371 | 141 | 163 | 67 |
ADAS13 Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Score – 13 items, APOE ε4 Apolipoprotein E ε4, BMI Body-Mass Index (Weight in Kg / (Height in m)2), CDR- SB Clinical Dementia Rating Scale—sum of boxes, FAQ Functional Activities Questionnaire, GDS Geriatric Depression Scale, MCI Mild Cognitive Impairment, MMSE Mini-Mental Status Examination
aMedian (IQR); n (%)
2Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test