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. 2024 Sep 25;20:1809–1821. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S480183

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© 2024 Gui et al.

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Comparisons of the ALPS index in different groups using violin graphs, and ROC curves analyses for the ALPS index to predict cognitive impairment and insomnia (A) Comparison of the ALPS index between the PD and HC group. (B) Comparisons of the ALPS index among the PD-NC, PD-CI, and HC groups. (C) Comparisons of the ALPS index among the PD-NI, PD-I, and HC groups. (D) Comparisons of the ALPS index among the PD-NEDS, PD-EDS, and HC groups. (E) Comparisons of the ALPS index among the PD-NRBD, PD-RBD, and HC groups. (F) Comparisons of the ALPS index among the PD-NA, PD-A, and HC groups. (G) Comparisons of the ALPS index among the PD-ND, PD-D, and HC groups. (H) ROC curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the ALPS index to discriminate PD patients with and without cognitive impairment. (I) ROC curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the ALPS index to discriminate PD patients with and without insomnia. *indicates p value < 0.05; **indicates p value < 0.01; ***indicates p value < 0.001.