Table 1.
Characteristics of Plasma Cytokines
| (A) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytokines | Frail Plasma | Non-Frail Plasma | |||||||
| Positive Plasma (Gender) | pg/mL Median (Range) | Positive Plasma (Gender) | pg/mL Median (Range) | ||||||
| IL-15 | 9 (3F/6M) | 4.7 (3.9–13.0) | - | - | |||||
| IL-1β | 4 (2F/2M) | 26.6 (11.5–50.6) | - | - | |||||
| IL-2 | 2 (2M) | 94.3 (85.6–102.9) | - | - | |||||
| IL-17 | 2 (2M) | 149.8 (12.5–287.1) | - | - | |||||
| TNFβ | 2 (2M) | 134.5 (8.8–260.2) | - | - | |||||
| TNFα | 15 (9F/6M) | 7.8 (4.7–198.7) | 3 (1F/2M) | 6.7 (6.0–7.0) | |||||
| IL-10 | 6 (4F/2M) | 3.9 (2.6–441.6) | 4 (3F/1M) | 42.9 (5.2–410.6) | |||||
| (B) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytokines | Frail Plasma | Non-Frail Plasma | Young Plasma | Receptor | Tubule/Glomerule | Cellular Ros | |||
| n Positive Plasma (Gender) | pg/mL Mean ± SD Median |
n Positive Plasma (Gender) | pg/mL Mean ± SD Median |
n Positive Plasma (Gender) | pg/mL Mean ± SD Median |
Expression Level | |||
| IL-6 | 7F/5M | 27 ± 42 12 |
2F/4M | 8 ± 9 5 |
0 | IL6R/IL6ST | High/Low | YES (Ref. 36) | |
| CX3CL1 | 9F/3M | 2 297 ± 1 351 2 057 |
5F/3M | 980 ± 618 663 |
3F/2M | 2 151 ± 1 363 1 916 |
CX3CR1 | High/Low | YES (Ref. 37) |
| CXCL9 | 4F/3M | 652 ± 557 490 |
2F | 518 ± 194 518 |
1M | 508 508 |
CXCR3 | -/- | - |
| IL-1α | 6F/4M | 21 ± 19 13 |
2F/2M | 12 ± 11 9 |
2M | 15 ± 7 15 |
IL1R1 | High/High | YES (Ref. 38) |
| CD40 | 13F/8M | 1 114 ± 1 266 923 |
10F/12M | 482 ± 233 430 |
11F/8M | 366 ± 179 304 |
CD40 | Low/- | YES (Ref. 39) |
| IL-15 | 2F/5M | 6 ± 3 5 |
0 | 0 | IL15RA | Medium/Low | - | ||
| IL-1β | 2F/1M | 22 ± 17 12 |
0 | 0 | IL1R1 | High/High | YES (Ref. 40) | ||
| IL-2 | 1M | 103 103 |
0 | 0 | IL2RA,B,G | -/- | - | ||
| IL-17 | 1M | 12.5 12.5 |
0 | 0 | IL17R | medium/- | YES (Ref. 41) | ||
| TNFβ | 1M | 8.8 8.8 |
0 | 0 | TNFRSF1B | High/- | - | ||
| TNFα | 7F/5M | 24 ± 55 8 |
1F/2M | 6 ± 0.5 7 |
0 | TNFRSF1A | Medium/Low | YES (Ref. 42) | |
| IL-10 | 2F/2M | 114 ± 218 7 |
2F | 208 ± 287 208 |
0 | IL10Rb | Medium/- | - | |
| IL-8 | 12F/8M | 21 ± 19 13 |
9F/11M | 13 ± 15 10 |
7F/5M | 6 ± 3 4 |
CXCR1 | Medium/- | - |
| IL-4 | 9F/5M | 74 ± 35 68 |
6F/6M | 53 ± 29 42 |
1F/2M | 59 ± 14 59 |
IL4R | Medium/- | YES (Ref. 43) |
| CCL2 | 13F/8M | 739 ± 1 303 444 |
10F/12M | 427 ± 124 426 |
11F/8M | 305 ± 76 292 |
CCR2 | Medium/- | YES (Ref. 44) |
| TGFα | 10F/6M | 8 ± 3 8 |
6F/8M | 7 ± 3 6 |
2F/3M | 7 ± 3 6 |
EGFR | High/Medium | - |
| CXCL10 | 12F/7M | 174 ± 88 165 |
10F/12M | 141 ± 129 97 |
11F/8M | 68 ± 20 67 |
CXCR3 | -/- | - |
Notes:.(A) Cytokines that in the overall plasma analyzed (38 frail, 34 non-frail, 36 young plasma) are exclusively present in some frail or frail and non-frail plasma (Supplementary Table 7A). (B) Subgroup of 21 frail, 22 non-frail, 19 young plasma used for treating NS cultures (Supplementary Table 7B), are shown some cytokines, prevalent in the frail plasma subgroup and with dominating role in PCA analysis. The expression level of the specific cytokine receptors on renal cells, based on “The Human Protein Atlas” database (https://www.proteinatlas.org/), and the cytokine capacity to induce intracellular ROS (YES) were reported.
Gender, F = Female; M = Male; Ref = reference number; -/- or - = negative result.