Table 6.

The ABC score comparison in DIF analysis.

Components	Gender/mean (SD)		p2	Age group					p	(η2)3	Post-hoc comparison test
	Boys	Girls		Infant	Kindergarten	Primary	Junior high	High
	N1 = 2,645	N = 674		N = 1,414	N = 1,503	N = 380	N = 19	N = 3			Bonferroni t-test4
Relating	1.88 (1.69)	1.75 (1.63)	0.07	2.02 (1.64)	1.72 (1.69)	1.77 (1.69)	2 (1.83)	4 (2.65)	0.00	0.009	5 > 1, 5<2, 5 > 3, 5 > 4
Sensory	4.59 (1.89)	4.47 (1.87)	0.11	4.71 (1.68)	4.69 (1.92)	3.59 (2.14)	3.42 (1.77)	5 (1)	0.00	0.037	1 > 3, 1 > 4, 2 > 3, 2 > 4
Language	2.7 (1.48)	2.8 (1.48)	0.12	2.69 (1.37)	2.78 (1.53)	2.57 (1.66)	2.16 (1.5)	4.33 (0.58)	0.00	0.004	1 > 2, 1 > 3, 1 > 4, 2 > 3, 2 > 4
Body object use	4.88 (2.26)	5.05 (2.19)	0.08	5.68 (1.79)	4.6 (2.29)	3.44 (2.52)	2.11 (2.11)	5 (2)	0.00	0.116	1 > 2
Social and self-help	2.9 (1.64)	2.99 (1.67)	0.23	2.91 (1.71)	2.97 (1.58)	2.76 (1.65)	2.89 (1.94)	6 (0)	0.00	0.005	–
Total	16.96 (6.77)	17.05 (6.64)	0.74	18.01 (6.03)	16.76 (6.84)	14.14 (7.81)	12.58 (7.06)	24.33 (5.86)	0.00	0.034	1 > 2.1 > 3, 1 > 4, 2 > 3, 2 > 4

¹N, sample size.

²p, p-value.

³η², ANOVA η², 0.01 = small effect, 0.06 = medium effect, and 0.14 = large effect.

⁴1 = infant, 2 = kindergarten, 3 = primary, 4 = junior high, and 5 = high.