TABLE 1.
Demographic characteristics, polysomnographic data, verbal fluency task (VFT) performance, and 17‐item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD‐17) scores among three groups.
| Health controls (n = 30) | OSA without depressive symptoms (n = 34) | OSA with depressive symptoms (n = 31) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age | 50.87 ± 12.34 | 45.5 ± 11.65 | 50.9 ± 15.38 | .177 c |
| Gender, female/male | 3/27 | 4/30 | 6/25 | .523 b |
| Education, years | 14.77 ± 3.42 | 14.44 ± 2.63 | 13.06 ± 4.02 | .107 c |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.64 ± 3.42 | 27.87 ± 4.6 | 26.23 ± 3.24 | .005 a |
| Polysomnographic data | ||||
| Sleep efficiency, % | 75.39 ± 22.74 | 75.65 ± 17.11 | 73.09 ± 12.47 | .121 c |
| Sleep stage, %TST | ||||
| REM | 16.63 ± 7.49 | 12.78 ± 6.81 | 16.23 ± 8.48 | .085 a |
| N1 | 18.38 ± 15.57 | 37.61 ± 23.98 | 23.37 ± 14.68 | .001 c |
| N2 | 57.44 ± 13.91 | 46.89 ± 21.16 | 54.94 ± 13.95 | .035 a |
| N3 | 7.55 ± 9.1 | 2.7 ± 5.02 | 5.47 ± 7.33 | .009 c |
| AHI, events/h | 1.84 ± 1.39 | 37.19 ± 25.74 | 27.47 ± 22.8 | p < .001 c |
| Mean SpO2, % | 96.5 ± 1.76 | 93.41 ± 5.3 | 95.01 ± 2.16 | p < .001 c |
| Lowest SpO2, % | 92.2 ± 2.57 | 77.56 ± 13.89 | 85 ± 7.2 | p < .001 c |
| VFT performance | 9.5 ± 4.34 | 8.24 ± 4.24 | 8.06 ± 3.96 | .345 a |
| HAMD‐17 scores | 2.87 ± 2.24 | 2.26 ± 2.05 | 12.19 ± 3.95 | p < .001 c |
Note: Values are expressed as mean ± SD [range]. p‐Values were derived from χ 2 test, one‐way ANOVA, or independent‐samples t‐test.
Abbreviation: OSA, obstructive sleep apnea.
a
Represents one‐way ANOVA.
b
Represents the χ 2 test.
c
Represents Kruskal–Wallis test.