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. 2024 Sep 9;25(9):320. doi: 10.31083/j.rcm2509320

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

General block diagram for the measurement of impedance. Impedances Zx and Zs are found between the excitation circuit and the Instrumentation Amplifier (IA). Final impedance Zabs and phase ϕ are obtained by the processing circuit. Based on [39].