Table 1.

Summary of studies applying equivalent noise analysis to children’s global motion processing.

Study	Tasks	Sample	Key findings
Manning et al. (2014)	Motion coherence and Gaussian motion tasks for two speed conditions (1.5°/sec and 6°/sec)	Typically developing children aged 5 (n = 21), 7 (n = 27), 9 (n = 25) and 11 years (n = 20), and adults (n = 30)	• With age, internal noise decreases, sampling increases, and motion coherence thresholds decrease. • Internal noise is adult-like earlier than sampling. • Reduced motion coherence thresholds with age are driven by increases in sampling (not internal noise).
Bogfjellmo et al. (2014)	Gaussian motion task for two speed conditions (2.8°/sec and 9.8°/sec)	Children / young people aged 6 to 17 years (n = 103)	• Sampling increases with age, whereas internal noise does not significantly change. • Internal noise is adult-like earlier than sampling.
Manning et al. (2015)	Motion coherence and Gaussian motion tasks for two speed conditions (1.5°/sec and 6°/sec)	Autistic children (n = 33) and typically developing children (n = 33) aged 6-13 years	• Autistic children show accurate motion discrimination over a significantly greater range of external noise than typically developing children • Increased sampling estimates in autistic children, but no significant differences in internal noise or motion coherence thresholds. • No significant effect of speed condition or interaction with group.
Manning et al. (2017)	Motion coherence and Gaussian motion tasks with only two speed conditions (1.5°/sec). Also orientation coherence and Gaussian orientation tasks.	Autistic children (n = 46) and typically developing children (n = 45) aged 6-14 years	• Group difference in sampling for motion was not significant (cf. Manning et al., 2015), and inconclusive (BF = .35) • No evidence that the effect size for a group difference in sampling for motion differed from Manning et al. (2015) • Across Manning et al. (2015) and this study, evidence for increased sampling for motion (meta-analytic BF = 7.77) • No evidence for group differences in any parameters for orientation tasks
Manning, Hulks et al. (2022)	As in Manning et al. (2017)	Dyslexic children (n = 48) and typically developing children (n = 48) aged 8-14 years	• In motion tasks, dyslexic children had higher internal noise and higher motion coherence thresholds, but no group differences in sampling. • In orientation tasks, dyslexic children had higher orientation coherence thresholds but no significant differences in sampling and internal noise.