Table 4.
Associations between MWL and neurodevelopmental outcomes using moderate to severe NDI and developmental impairment defined as a DQ score of < 70
| N case/N total | (%) | Crude RR | (95% CI) | Adjusted RR | (95% CI)a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Death before age 3 years or moderate to severe NDIb | ||||||
| >15% MWL | 8/40 | (20.0) | 0.62 | (0.31–1.26) | 0.85 | (0.44–1.67) |
| 5–15% MWL | 25/78 | (32.1) | 1 | (reference) | 1 | (reference) |
| <5% MWL | 8/26 | (30.8) | 0.96 | (0.49–1.86) | 0.69 | (0.35–1.35) |
| Moderate to severe NDIb | ||||||
| >15% MWL | 8/40 | (20.0) | 0.79 | (0.38–1.65) | 1.08 | (0.52–2.22) |
| 5–15% MWL | 18/71 | (25.4) | 1 | (reference) | 1 | (reference) |
| <5% MWL | 6/24 | (25.0) | 0.99 | (0.44–2.20) | 0.70 | (0.30–1.63) |
| Developmental impairment, overall DQ score < 70c | ||||||
| >15% MWL | 8/40 | (20.0) | 0.84 | (0.40–1.77) | 1.17 | (0.56–2.42) |
| 5–15% MWL | 17/71 | (23.9) | 1 | (reference) | 1 | (reference) |
| <5% MWL | 6/24 | (25.0) | 1.04 | (0.46–2.35) | 0.70 | (0.28–1.72) |
| Cognitive–Adaptive DQ score < 70c | ||||||
| >15% MWL | 13/40 | (32.5) | 1.28 | (0.70–2.34) | 1.66 | (0.89–3.07) |
| 5–15% MWL | 18/71 | (25.4) | 1 | (reference) | 1 | (reference) |
| <5% MWL | 5/24 | (20.8) | 0.82 | (0.34–1.98) | 0.86 | (0.36–2.08) |
| Language–Social DQ score < 70c | ||||||
| >15% MWL | 7/40 | (17.5) | 0.62 | (0.29–1.34) | 0.75 | (0.35–1.58) |
| 5–15% MWL | 20/71 | (28.2) | 1 | (reference) | 1 | (reference) |
| <5% MWL | 7/24 | (29.2) | 1.04 | (0.50–2.15) | 0.82 | (0.38–1.79) |
| Postural–Motor DQ score < 70c | ||||||
| >15% MWL | 8/40 | (20.0) | 1.18 | (0.53–2.66) | 1.20 | (0.49–2.91) |
| 5–15% MWL | 12/71 | (16.9) | 1 | (reference) | 1 | (reference) |
| <5% MWL | 4/24 | (16.7) | 0.99 | (0.35–2.78) | 1.25 | (0.43–3.66) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; DQ, developmental quotient; NDI, neurodevelopmental impairment; MWL, maximum weight loss; RR, risk ratio
Note: Data presented as the raw number (%) and RR (95% CI)
aAdjusted for gestational age, sex, small for gestational age, antenatal corticosteroids, Clinical Risk Index for Babies II score, birth after amino acid dosage protocol changes, and intraventricular hemorrhage
bInfants with developmental impairment (overall DQ score < 70), cerebral palsy, hearing impairment, or visual impairment
cInfants with a DQ score < 70 using the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development