Table 1.

Type of costs with subdivision items

Type of costs	Items
Direct medical cost or called (healthcare cost or insurance payers )	Cost of DR screening (check-up) Cost of DR follow-up Cost of DR diagnostic tools (OCT, fluorescein angiography, ultrasound) Cost of treatment (glasses, intravitreal injection, panretinal photocoagulation, pars plana vitrectomy) In addition, some studies add the cost of diabetes Cost of DM check-up Cost of DM investigations Cost of DM treatment Cost of DM complications
Indirect -medical cost (patient’s cost)	Cost of transportation Cost of accommodation Cost of a healthy diet
Indirect non-medical cost (Societal cost or government cost )	Cost of time loss Cost of productivity loss Cost of income loss Cost of caregivers Cost of guide dog Cost of disability (vision aids) Cost of blindness allowance