Table 4.

Partial Spearman correlations^a for associations of dietary exposures with circulating TMAO and its precursors in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Screening Cohort (N = 653 cases and N= 683 controls)

	Fish		Red meat		Processed meat		White meat		Dairy		Whole grain		Refined grains		Eggs
	Rs	P	Rs	P	Rs	P	Rs	P	Rs	P	Rs	P	Rs	P	Rs	P
Betaine	0.01	0.65	0.00	0.86	−0.03	0.21	0.02	0.46	−0.07	0.02	0.04	0.14	0.04	0.16	0.04	0.20
L-carnitine	0.02	0.43	0.05	0.05	−0.02	0.58	0.03	0.34	−0.08	0.004	−0.08	0.003	0.01	0.62	0.02	0.51
Choline	0.02	0.41	0.03	0.28	−0.07	0.02	−0.01	0.65	−0.03	0.30	−0.05	0.09	0.05	0.08	0.05	0.06
TMAO	0.03	0.35	0.10	0.0003	−0.06	0.04	0.00	0.92	−0.05	0.10	−0.03	0.31	−0.03	0.31	0.00	0.96

^aAll the models above were adjusted for CRC status, sex, age, race, season and calendar year of blood draw, total years of cigarettes smoked, number of cigarettes per day, education, body mass index, regular non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)/aspirin use, marital status, family history of CRC, comorbidities including diabetes, gallbladder and cardiovascular diseases, energy intake, hormone therapy use, folate intake, vitamin B12, fruits and vegetables, calcium intake, fiber intake, fish intake, red meat intake (the latter three covariates were only included in pertinent models, and all nutrients were energy adjusted using the nutrient density method).