Table 3.
Adjusted geometric means (GM) of serum androgens/androgen metabolites (nmol/L) and serum estrogens/estrogen metabolites levels (pmol/L) stratified by time since tubal ligation among never/former menopausal hormone therapy users from the Women’s Health Initiative – Observational Study
| Time since tubal ligation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ≤ 25 years | > 25 years | ||
| n=98 | n=41 | ||
| GM (95% CI)a | GM (95% CI)a | p-valueb | |
| Androgens and androgen metabolites | |||
| Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) | 5.59 (4.44, 7.05) | 4.63 (3.65, 5.86) | 0.20 |
| DHEA sulfate (DHEAS) | 1347 (1062, 1709) | 1185 (871, 1613) | 0.50 |
| Androstenedione | 1.49 (1.25, 1.76) | 1.26 (0.99, 1.60) | 0.17 |
| Testosterone | 0.70 (0.53, 0.92) | 0.53 (0.42, 0.68) | 0.10 |
| 5α-Androstanedione | 1.24 (1.02, 1.50) | 1.11 (0.89, 1.40) | 0.38 |
| Dihydroestosterone (DHT) | 0.21 (0.16, 0.28) | 0.18 (0.14, 0.23) | 0.25 |
| DHT sulfate (DHTS) | 1.12 (0.85, 1.48) | 1.15 (0.84, 1.57) | 0.88 |
| Androsterone (ADT) | 0.56 (0.48, 0.65) | 0.54 (0.46, 0.64) | 0.71 |
| ADT glucuronide (ADT-G) | 27.0 (20.9, 35.0) | 19.1 (13.6, 26.9) | 0.08 |
| 5α-androstane-3α, 17β diol-3-glucuronide (3α-diol-3G) | 1.78 (1.39, 2.26) | 1.19 (0.75, 1.90) | 0.13 |
| 5α-androstane-3α, 3α-diol-17-glucuronide (3α-diol-17G) | 1.82 (1.44, 2.31) | 1.39 (0.98, 1.97) | 0.18 |
| Σ(ADTG+3α-diol-3G+3α-diol-17G) | 31.2 (24.4, 40.0) | 22.0 (16.0, 30.8) | 0.08 |
| Etiocholanolone-glucuronide | 37.2 (28.9, 47.9) | 31.6 (20.1, 49.8) | 0.54 |
| Estrogens and estrogen metabolites | |||
| Parent estrogens | |||
| Estrone | 457 (322, 650) | 428 (276, 662) | 0.76 |
| Unconjugated | 72.1 (56.9, 91.3) | 68.8 (51.2, 92.4) | 0.75 |
| Conjugated | 370 (254, 540) | 353 (220, 565) | 0.84 |
| Estradiol | 72.3 (51.4, 102) | 53.6 (33.6, 85.4) | 0.20 |
| Unconjugated | 17.2 (12.7, 23.5) | 14.8 (9.06, 24.0) | 0.54 |
| Conjugated | 46.5 (31.6, 68.4) | 34.2 (21.1, 55.3) | 0.22 |
| 2-Hydroxylation pathway | |||
| 2-hydroxyestrone | 81.4 (63.2, 105) | 88.1 (62.6, 124.1) | 0.67 |
| 2-hydroxyestradiol | 20.0 (15.3, 26.1) | 22.4 (15.6, 32.3) | 0.55 |
| 2-methoxyestrone | 49.6 (39.3, 62.6) | 51.7 (39.5, 67.8) | 0.78 |
| Unconjugated | 12.0 (8.9, 16.1) | 13.1 (9.2, 18.6) | 0.63 |
| Conjugated | 37.4 (29.7, 47.0) | 36.9 (27.6, 49.2) | 0.94 |
| 2-methoxyestradiol | 15.3 (11.6, 20.1) | 14.4 (10.6, 19.5) | 0.68 |
| Unconjugated | 2.29 (1.75, 3.00) | 2.08 (1.41, 3.07) | 0.61 |
| Conjugated | 12.6 (9.48, 16.9) | 12.0 (8.83, 16.4) | 0.76 |
| 2-hydroxyestrone-3-methyl ether | 8.63 (7.00, 10.64) | 9.39 (6.98, 12.6) | 0.61 |
| 4-Hydroxylation pathway | |||
| 4-hydroxyestrone | 9.97 (7.68, 12.94) | 10.8 (7.62, 15.4) | 0.66 |
| 4-methoxyestrone | 4.91 (3.87, 6.23) | 5.10 (3.90, 6.68) | 0.78 |
| 4-methoxyestradiol | 2.27 (1.72, 2.99) | 2.18 (1.57, 3.04) | 0.79 |
| 16α-Hydroxylation pathway | |||
| 16α-hydroxyestrone | 39.7 (30.3, 52.1) | 43.4 (30.6, 61.7) | 0.64 |
| Estriol | 172 (132, 225) | 198 (143, 274) | 0.45 |
| Unconjugated | 29.8 (23.4, 37.9) | 34.5 (25.9, 46.0) | 0.33 |
| Conjugated | 141 (106, 187) | 163 (115, 230) | 0.47 |
| 17-epiestriol | 15.1 (12.0, 19.0) | 14.7 (10.6, 20.4) | 0.89 |
| 16-ketoestradiol | 43.5 (32.7, 58.0) | 48.4 (33.6, 69.7) | 0.59 |
| 16-epiestriol | 18.4 (14.6, 23.2) | 18.3 (13.4, 25.0) | 0.97 |
| Ratios | |||
| Unconjugated Estrone: Androstenedione | 48.5 (37.8, 62.2) | 54.7 (41.7, 71.9) | 0.41 |
| Unconjugated Estradiol: Testosterone | 24.6 (16.8, 35.9) | 27.6 (18.0, 42.4) | 0.62 |
| DHT: Testosterone | 0.30 (0.25, 0.38) | 0.34 (0.26, 0.44) | 0.47 |
| 5α-Androstanedione: Androstenedione | 0.83 (0.64, 1.08) | 0.89 (0.62, 1.27) | 0.71 |
Adjusted for: age at blood draw (<55, 55–59, 60–64, 65–69, 70–74, and 75–79 years old), blood draw year (1993–1996 and 1997–1998), race and ethnicity (non-Hispanic White and other), parity (never pregnant, 1, and 2+ pregnancies), oral contraceptive use (never, ever), BMI (<25, 25–29.9 and 30+ kg/m2), time since menopause (<10, 10–20 and ≥ 20 years).
p-value was estimated using the Wald test for the relevant beta estimate from the variable comparing mean hormone level among women reporting surgery >25 years relative to those reporting surgery ≤25 years.
All FDR q-values≥0.10.