Table 2.

Heterogeneity test and horizontal pleiotropy test.

Exposure	Outcome	Heterogeneity test			Horizontal pleiotropy test
		Method	Cochran’s Q	Q_ pval	Egger_intercept	Se	pval
Hyperthyroidism (Handan et al.)	Esophageal cancer (UKB)	MR Egger	35.99	0.799	<0.001	<0.001	0.457
		IVW	36.55	0.811
Esophageal cancer (UKB)	Hyperthyroidism (Handan et al.)	MR Egger	21.75	0.649	-0.001	0.001	0.324
		IVW	22.76	0.646
Hyperthyroidism (UKB)	GERD (Handan et al.)	MR Egger	39.95	0.341	0.001	0.001	0.472
		IVW	40.52	0.359
GERD (Handan et al.)	Hyperthyroidism (UKB)	MR Egger	39.95	0.341	0.001	0.001	0.619
		IVW	40.52	0.359

IVW, inverse-variance weighted; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux; UKB, UK Biobank; MR, Mendelian randomization. Statistical significance: p < 0.05.