Table 1. Results of the questionnaire from students without COVID-19 pandemic experience (in 2016).
| Veterinary students, n=141 | Animal science students, n=132 | |
|---|---|---|
| Q1. Did you achieve the goal of this anatomy laboratory, that is, “To understand the differences among the skulls of different dog breeds” with 3D-printed models? | ||
| Strongly agree | 63.8% | 87.9% |
| Agree | 34.8% | 11.4% |
| Disagree | 1.4% | 0.8% |
| Strongly disagree | 0% | 0% |
| Q2. How do you evaluate this anatomy laboratory with the 3D-printed models compared to that with skull handouts? | ||
| Better | 81.6% | 80.3% |
| Slightly better | 17.0% | 15.9% |
| Same | 0.7% | 0% |
| Slightly worse | 0.7% | 3.8% |
| Worse | 0% | 0% |
| Q3. On the merits and demerits of each real bone and 3D-printed model, how did you evaluate this laboratory with the 3D-printed models compared to that with real bones of skulls? (Real bone: the merit is its being real, and a demerit is its fragility [and only that]. Three-dimensional-printed models: the merit is durability and reproducible many times, and the demerit is insufficient fidelity for fine details)*. | ||
| Better | 31.9% | 40.2% |
| Slightly better | 35.5% | 38.6% |
| Same | 9.9% | 7.6% |
| Slightly worse | 21.3% | 12.9% |
| Worse | 1.4% | 0.8% |
| Q4. Why did you select it in Q3? Please add the reason in the format shown below (main answers). | ||
| Positive choices: | ||
| Many 3D-printed models are easy to observe (V) | ||
| 3D-printed models can be colored for students to understand (V and A) | ||
| 3D-printed models are securely observed without a risk of breaking (V and A) | ||
| 3D-printed models improve our motivation for learning (A) | ||
| Skulls of many dog breeds can be observed easily (V and A) | ||
| The technology can reduce the number of dogs for specimens (V and A) | ||
| Negative choices: | ||
| It is important to touch real bone specimens for learning (V) | ||
| The reproducibility of the 3D-printed models is not perfect regarding weight and feeling (V) | ||
| It is unprecise and vague to identify detail structures, surface roughness and small canals (V) | ||
| Real specimens will be more carefully treated than 3D-printed models (V) | ||
| 3D-printed models are crude in detail (A) | ||
| 3D-printed model is fake close to the real thing (A) | ||
*There is a case in which the total of the values is not 100% because the values were rounded off to the first decimal place. V: veterinary student, A: animal science student.