TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of adult participants according to all-cause mortality in NHANES 1999–2018.
| Characteristics | Total | All-cause mortality | P-value | |
| No (n = 32315) | Yes (n = 5776) | |||
| Age, % | < 0.001 | |||
| 20–39 years | 12420 (36.62) | 12207 (40.23) | 213 (6.16) | |
| 40–59 years | 12519 (38.43) | 11628 (40.31) | 891 (22.52) | |
| ≥ 60 years | 13152 (24.95) | 8480 (19.46) | 4672 (71.32) | |
| Sex, % | < 0.001 | |||
| Female | 18869 (50.52) | 16376 (50.85) | 2493 (47.73) | |
| Male | 19222 (49.48) | 15939 (49.15) | 3283 (52.27) | |
| Race/ethnicity, % | < 0.001 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 18033 (71.13) | 14419 (70.04) | 3614 (80.31) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 7505 (9.93) | 6452 (9.95) | 1053 (9.77) | |
| Other race | 12553 (18.94) | 11444 (20.01) | 1109 (9.92) | |
| Marital status, % | < 0.001 | |||
| Married/living with partner | 14974 (35.56) | 12289 (34.60) | 2685 (43.68) | |
| Single/divorced/widowed | 23117 (64.44) | 20026 (65.40) | 3091 (56.32) | |
| Education level, % | < 0.001 | |||
| Below high school | 9572 (15.84) | 7367 (14.21) | 2205 (29.62) | |
| High school | 8911 (24.18) | 7431 (23.69) | 1480 (28.33) | |
| Above high school | 19608 (59.98) | 17517 (62.10) | 2091 (42.05) | |
| Family PIR, % | < 0.001 | |||
| ≤ 1.0 | 7470 (13.38) | 6322 (13.14) | 1148 (15.42) | |
| 1.1–3.0 | 16048 (35.76) | 13032 (34.19) | 3016 (49.01) | |
| > 3.0 | 14573 (50.86) | 12961 (52.67) | 1612 (35.57) | |
| Smoking status, % | < 0.001 | |||
| Never smoker | 20236 (53.26) | 17967 (55.08) | 2269 (38.08) | |
| Former smoker | 9793 (25.31) | 7475 (23.80) | 2318 (38.11) | |
| Current smoker | 8043 (21.40) | 6857 (21.12) | 1186 (23.80) | |
| Drinking status, % | < 0.001 | |||
| Nondrinker | 8546 (18.24) | 6865 (17.18) | 1681 (27.24) | |
| Low-to-moderate drinker | 26263 (71.68) | 22702 (72.85) | 3561 (61.78) | |
| Heavy drinker | 3282 (10.08) | 2748 (9.97) | 534 (10.98) | |
| Physical activity, % | < 0.001 | |||
| Inactive | 9934 (20.99) | 7459 (18.79) | 2475 (39.52) | |
| Insufficiently active | 14405 (40.78) | 12486 (41.44) | 1919 (35.17) | |
| Active | 13752 (38.23) | 12370 (39.76) | 1382 (25.31) | |
| HEI-2015 score | 49.53 (40.47, 59.37) | 49.36 (40.28, 59.27) | 50.96 (41.98, 60.29) | < 0.001 |
| CCI | 0.86 (0.01) | 0.74 (0.01) | 1.87 (0.03) | < 0.001 |
| Parkinson’s disease, % | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 37741 (99.18) | 32080 (99.31) | 5661 (98.08) | |
| Yes | 350 (0.82) | 235 (0.69) | 115 (1.92) | |
| Inflammation and nutritional indicators | ||||
| Neutrophil, 103/μL | 4.00 (3.20, 5.10) | 4.00 (3.10, 5.10) | 4.30 (3.30, 5.40) | < 0.001 |
| Lymphocyte, 103/μL | 2.00 (1.60, 2.50) | 2.00 (1.70, 2.50) | 1.90 (1.40, 2.40) | < 0.001 |
| Monocyte, 103/μL | 0.50 (0.40, 0.70) | 0.50 (0.40, 0.70) | 0.60 (0.50, 0.70) | < 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 14.40 (13.40, 15.40) | 14.40 (13.50, 15.40) | 14.20 (13.10, 15.20) | < 0.001 |
| RDW, % | 12.80 (12.30, 13.50) | 12.70 (12.30, 13.40) | 13.00 (12.40, 13.80) | < 0.001 |
| Serum albumin, g/L | 43.00 (41.00, 45.00) | 43.00 (41.00, 45.00) | 42.00 (40.00, 44.00) | < 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 193.00 (167.00, 221.00) | 193.00 (167.00, 221.00) | 196.00 (167.00, 225.00) | 0.004 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.71 (24.10, 32.22) | 27.71 (24.10, 32.25) | 27.74 (24.20, 32.12) | 0.970 |
| Inflammation/nutrition-based indicators | ||||
| NAR | 0.09 (0.07, 0.12) | 0.09 (0.07, 0.12) | 0.10 (0.08, 0.13) | < 0.001 |
| PNI | 53.50 (50.50, 56.50) | 53.50 (50.50, 56.50) | 51.50 (48.00, 55.00) | < 0.001 |
| MAR | 0.01 (0.01, 0.02) | 0.01 (0.01, 0.02) | 0.01 (0.01, 0.02) | < 0.001 |
| RAR | 0.30 (0.28, 0.32) | 0.30 (0.28, 0.32) | 0.31 (0.29, 0.34) | < 0.001 |
| HALP score | 50.57 (39.00, 65.49) | 51.03 (39.63, 65.82) | 45.82 (33.32, 62.45) | < 0.001 |
| ALI | 239.44 (174.59, 327.86) | 236.16 (173.25, 321.42) | 270.07 (191.12, 388.47) | < 0.001 |
| GNRI | 120.18 (113.30, 128.97) | 120.34 (113.47, 129.13) | 118.66 (111.21, 127.60) | < 0.001 |
| CONUT score | 0.00 (0.00, 1.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 1.00) | 1.00 (0.00, 1.00) | < 0.001 |
HEI-2015, Healthy Eating Index 2015; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; RDW, red cell distribution width; NAR, neutrophil-albumin ratio; PNI, prognostic nutritional index; MAR, monocyte-albumin ratio; RAR, red cell distribution width-albumin ratio; HALP, hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet; ALI, advanced lung cancer inflammation index; GNRI, geriatric nutrition risk index; CONUT, controlling nutritional status. Normally distributed continuous variables are described as means ± SEs, and continuous variables without a normal distribution are presented as medians [interquartile ranges]. Categorical variables are presented as numbers (percentages). N reflect the study sample while percentages reflect the survey-weighted data.