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. 2024 Sep 30;7:1226. doi: 10.1038/s42003-024-06716-2

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — A Immunoblot of ATP7A at 3 h and 12 h time points after 1 μg/ml tunicamycin treatment of J774A.1 macrophages. GAPDH is used as a housekeeping control. B Immunoblot of ATP7A after infecting J774A.1 macrophages with L. major promastigotes for 3 h compared to 12 h of 1 μg/ml tunicamycin treatment. GAPDH is used as loading control. C Immunoblot of ATP7A after treatment with PNGase for 1 h. GAPDH is used as housekeeping protein. D Illustration depicting the proposed modulation of ATP7A via the manipulation of its upstream regulators by the L.major pathogen. Illustration is prepared in Inkscape 1.2.2. Previously created elements include Proteasome- Proteasome by CristofferSevilla is licensed under CC BY 4.0 / modified, Promastigote - Leishmania promastigote form by CristofferSevilla is licensed under CC BY 4.0 /modified, Amastigote - Leishmania amastigote form by CristofferSevilla is licensed under CC BY 4.0 /modified.