Fig. 3. Influence of tested compounds on the adhesion of skin bacteria to the 3D skin model.

The differential effect of compounds on bacterial adhesion was assessed using a 3D skin model. Bacteria were introduced after 2 h of compound exposure on the 3D skin model and incubated for an additional 2 h. Results are expressed as the logarithm of reduction, i.e. the Log₁₀ of the ratio of bacteria numbers adhered per cm² of reconstructed skin of the 3D model between the RM-treated conditions and the sterile distilled water-treated condition (negative control). SLS: Sodium Laureth Sulfate ; CARR: Carrageenan ; GUAR: Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride ; SH: Sodium Hyaluronate ; RHM: Rhamnolipids ; VF: Vitreoscilla filiformis extract. Error bars show standard error of the mean (SEM) of independent treatments (n ≥ 3). Statistical significance was calculated by a paired t-test and by a multiple comparison of strains using the Tukey’s test following one-way ANOVA. (*) for p < 0.05, (**) for p < 0.01 and (***) for p < 0.001.