Table 1.
Baseline characteristics before and after propensity score matching in the original cohort.
| Characteristic | Before matching | After matching | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants | Nonhypertension | Hypertension | SD (100%) | Nonhypertension | Hypertension | SD (100%) |
| N | 11,526 | 7,116 | 5,099 | 5,099 | ||
| BMI | 27.667 ± 6.367 | 30.283 ± 6.998 | 39.1 | 29.207 ± 7.117 | 29.354 ± 6.412 | 2.2 |
| Na | 138.781 ± 3.063 | 138.347 ± 3.461 | 13.3 | 138.574 ± 3.205 | 138.534 ± 3.378 | 1.2 |
| BUN | 15.000 (11.204–19.000) | 18.000 (14.000–24.000) | 47.5 | 17.000 (13.000–21.182) | 17.000 (13.000–22.000) | 2.6 |
| Cr | 0.800 (0.679–0.910) | 0.860 (0.700–1.030) | 26.8 | 0.800 (0.700–0.976) | 0.820 (0.700–1.000) | 3.6 |
| WBC | 8.200 (6.200–11.300) | 8.815 (6.700–12.100) | 12.7 | 8.600 (6.400–11.805) | 8.700 (6.600–11.814) | 1.5 |
| HCT | 40.627 ± 4.654 | 39.925 ± 5.033 | 14.5 | 40.435 ± 4.816 | 40.340 ± 4.803 | 2.0 |
| PLT | 246.295 ± 75.668 | 240.181 ± 78.185 | 7.9 | 243.893 ± 78.565 | 242.576 ± 76.790 | 1.7 |
| Operating time | 185.000 (123.000–276.000) | 176.000 (118.000–256.000) | 9.5 | 177.000 (117.000–262.000) | 177.000 (119.000–259.500) | 0.6 |
| Sex | 9.3 | 0.2 | ||||
| Male | 5,258 (45.619%) | 3,578 (50.281%) | 2,464 (48.323%) | 2,470 (48.441%) | ||
| Female | 6,268 (54.381%) | 3,538 (49.719%) | 2,635 (51.677%) | 2,629 (51.559%) | ||
| Race | 19.3 | 19.3 | ||||
| White Asian | 8,252 (71.595%) | 5,038 (70.798%) | 3,693 (72.426%) | 3,565 (69.916%) | ||
| Black or African | 354 (3.071%) | 189 (2.656%) | 122 (2.393%) | 148 (2.903%) | ||
| American | 565 (4.902%) | 680 (9.556%) | 254 (4.981%) | 497 (9.747%) | ||
| Unknown | 2,355 (20.432%) | 1,209 (16.990%) | 1,030 (20.200%) | 889 (17.435%) | ||
| Age ranges (years) | 88.4 | 6.3 | ||||
| 18–40 | 2,825 (24.510%) | 232 (3.260%) | 287 (5.629%) | 226 (4.432%) | ||
| 41–60 | 5,405 (46.894%) | 2,337 (32.841%) | 1979 (38.812%) | 2081 (40.812%) | ||
| 61–80 | 3,131 (27.165%) | 4,102 (57.645%) | 2,668 (52.324%) | 2,635 (51.677%) | ||
| >81 | 165 (1.432%) | 445 (6.254%) | 165 (3.236%) | 157 (3.079%) | ||
| Diabetes, N (%) | 55.7 | 14.0 | ||||
| No | 10,994 (95.384%) | 5,468 (76.841%) | 4,616 (90.528%) | 4,456 (87.390%) | ||
| Yes (Noninsulin) | 336 (2.915%) | 1,043 (14.657%) | 292 (5.727%) | 478 (9.374%) | ||
| Yes (Insulin) | 196 (1.701%) | 605 (8.502%) | 191 (3.746%) | 165 (3.236%) | ||
| Smoking status, N (%) | 6.4 | 1.4 | ||||
| No | 9,184 (79.681%) | 5,848 (82.181%) | 4,093 (80.271%) | 4,122 (80.839%) | ||
| Yes | 2,342 (20.319%) | 1,268 (17.819%) | 1,006 (19.729%) | 977 (19.161%) | ||
| Functional health status | 12.5 | 0.8 | ||||
| Independent | 11,161 (96.833%) | 6,710 (94.295%) | 4,877 (95.646%) | 4,871 (95.529%) | ||
| Partially dependent | 327 (2.837%) | 350 (4.918%) | 193 (3.785%) | 196 (3.844%) | ||
| Totally dependent | 38 (0.330%) | 56 (0.787%) | 29 (0.569%) | 32 (0.628%) | ||
| Severe COPD, N (%) | 18.9 | 1.5 | ||||
| No | 11,190 (97.085%) | 6,617 (92.988%) | 4,839 (94.901%) | 4,822 (94.568%) | ||
| Yes | 336 (2.915%) | 499 (7.012%) | 260 (5.099%) | 277 (5.432%) | ||
| Congestive heart failure, N (%) | 9.0 | 0.5 | ||||
| No | 11,514 (99.896%) | 7,069 (99.340%) | 5,090 (99.823%) | 5,089 (99.804%) | ||
| Yes | 12 (0.104%) | 47 (0.660%) | 9 (0.177%) | 10 (0.196%) | ||
| Disseminated cancer, N (%) | 8.7 | 1.4 | ||||
| No | 9,197 (79.794%) | 5,423 (76.209%) | 3,928 (77.035%) | 3,898 (76.446%) | ||
| Yes | 2,329 (20.206%) | 1,693 (23.791%) | 1,171 (22.965%) | 1,201 (23.554%) | ||
| Steroid use for a chronic condition, N (%) | 2.7 | 0.1 | ||||
| No | 9,838 (85.355%) | 6,005 (84.387%) | 4,300 (84.330%) | 4,299 (84.311%) | ||
| Yes | 1,688 (14.645%) | 1,111 (15.613%) | 799 (15.670%) | 800 (15.689%) | ||
| >10% loss body weight in last 6 months | 3.1 | 1.5 | ||||
| No | 11,296 (98.005%) | 6,941 (97.541%) | 4,993 (97.921%) | 4,982 (97.705%) | ||
| Yes | 230 (1.995%) | 175 (2.459%) | 106 (2.079%) | 117 (2.295%) | ||
| Bleeding disorders | 10.2 | 1.1 | ||||
| No | 11,361 (98.568%) | 6,908 (97.077%) | 4,989 (97.843%) | 4,997 (98.000%) | ||
| Yes | 165 (1.432%) | 208 (2.923%) | 110 (2.157%) | 102 (2.000%) | ||
| Preoperative transfusions | 4.5 | 1.4 | ||||
| No | 11,499 (99.766%) | 7,080 (99.494%) | 5,084 (99.706%) | 5,080 (99.627%) | ||
| Yes | 27 (0.234%) | 36 (0.506%) | 15 (0.294%) | 19 (0.373%) | ||
| Preoperative systemic sepsis, N (%) | 5.0 | 0.9 | ||||
| No | 11,152 (96.755%) | 6,818 (95.812%) | 4,918 (96.450%) | 4,909 (96.274%) | ||
| Yes | 374 (3.245%) | 298 (4.188%) | 181 (3.550%) | 190 (3.726%) | ||
| Emergency case | 3.6 | 0.8 | ||||
| No | 10,747 (93.241%) | 6,697 (94.112%) | 4,753 (93.214%) | 4,763 (93.410%) | ||
| Yes | 779 (6.759%) | 419 (5.888%) | 346 (6.786%) | 336 (6.590%) | ||
| Wound classification | 2.8 | 1.8 | ||||
| Clean | 11,228 (97.415%) | 6,899 (96.951%) | 4,946 (96.999%) | 4,961 (97.294%) | ||
| Nonclean | 298 (2.585%) | 217 (3.049%) | 153 (3.001%) | 138 (2.706%) | ||