Table 1.

Interview topics

In-depth interviews	Focus group discussions
2019 interviews	Workflow in commune health centers
Diagnosis and treatment practice for common infectious illnesses	Determinants of AMR according to doctors and pharmacists in CHCs
Factors making doctors more or less likely to prescribe antibiotics	Suggestions to reduce AMR
Handling patients’ request for antibiotics
Understanding of AMR and training received
2023 interviews (added topics)
Antibiotic supply process and its impacts
Effectiveness of launched antimicrobial stewardship initiatives & potential alternative measures
Patient consultation and public communication