Table 1.
Comparison of baseline data among three LAAEV groups
| LAAEV tertiles | Low | Medium | High | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N(cases) | 82 | 81 | 84 | |
| Age | 63.89 ± 8.55 | 63.26 ± 8.59 | 61.74 ± 10.57 | 0.310 |
| Male, n (%) | 63 (76.8) | 75 (92.6) | 65 (77.4) | 0.012 |
| BMI | 23.71 ± 3.05 | 24.00 ± 2.83 | 23.11 ± 3.22 | 0.165 |
| AF duration (months) | 9.32 ± 3.97 | 10.35 ± 4.26 | 9.00 ± 3.72 | 0.080 |
| Heart rate | 79.93 ± 15.05 | 78.36 ± 17.66 | 75.20 ± 15.27 | 0.155 |
| SCR | 59.86 ± 18.03 | 68.79 ± 15.14 | 54.77 ± 16.17 | < 0.001 |
| BNP | 376.25 (254.15-584.80) | 410.00 (232.60-618.50) | 277.30 (189.57-417.15) | 0.001 |
| LVEF (%) | 54.46 ± 5.49 | 53.60 ± 4.80 | 53.93 ± 4.77 | 0.549 |
| LAAEV | 27.47 ± 3.35 | 38.43 ± 3.69 | 53.20 ± 4.93 | < 0.001 |
| LAVImax | 40.78 ± 4.95 | 41.56 ± 4.95 | 39.74 ± 5.07 | 0.065 |
| LAVImin | 26.64 ± 3.95 | 26.51 ± 3.51 | 24.38 ± 3.53 | < 0.001 |
| TDI-SD2 | 10.08 ± 2.59 | 10.39 ± 2.93 | 10.69 ± 2.71 | 0.359 |
| TDI-SD3 | 9.370 ± 2.338 | 9.107 ± 2.505 | 9.232 ± 2.353 | 0.784 |
| TDI-LD2 | 12.33 ± 2.99 | 12.62 ± 3.18 | 13.04 ± 3.18 | 0.332 |
| TDI-LD3 | 9.56 ± 2.37 | 9.32 ± 2.43 | 9.81 ± 2.43 | 0.433 |
| EI | 0.55 ± 0.20 | 0.58 ± 0.16 | 0.64 ± 0.19 | 0.003 |
| DEI | 0.34 ± 0.08 | 0.36 ± 0.06 | 0.38 ± 0.07 | 0.002 |
| Smoke | 21 (25.6) | 33 (40.7) | 14 (16.7) | 0.002 |
| Drinking | 22 (26.8) | 21 (25.9) | 11 (13.1) | 0.057 |
| Hypertension | 21 (25.6) | 17 (21.0) | 24 (28.6) | 0.528 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 20 (24.4) | 15 (18.5) | 14 (16.7) | 0.430 |
| CHF | 17 (20.7) | 10 (12.3) | 12 (14.3) | 0.305 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 13 (15.9) | 10 (12.3) | 18 (21.4) | 0.286 |
| History oh stroke or TIA | 15 (18.3) | 14 (17.3) | 10 (11.9) | 0.478 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 10 (12.2) | 5 (6.2) | 9 (10.7) | 0.401 |
| Recurrence, n (%) | 40 (48.8) | 13 (16.0) | 11 (13.1) | < 0.001 |
| CHA2DS2.VASC | 0.104 | |||
| 0 | 11.0 | 25.9 | 21.4 | |
| 1 | 43.9 | 30.9 | 22.6 | |
| 2 | 19.5 | 24.7 | 27.4 | |
| ≥ 3 | 24.7 | 18.5 | 28.6 |
The results are expressed as mean ± (SD) /midian (Q1, Q3) / n (%). LAAEV, LA appendage emptying velocity; BMI, body mass index; AF, atrial fibrillation; SCR, serum creatinine concentration; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LAVImax, maximum LA volume index; LAVImin, minimum LA volume index; TDI, tissue Doppler imaging; EI, expansion Index; DEI, diastolic emptying index; CHF, congestive heart failure; TIA, transient ischemia attack