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. 2024 Oct 1;4(10):e0003553. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003553

Table 3. Location specific association between sarcopenia and its determinants by binary logistic regression model.

Variables Coefficient(B) S.E. Wald P value OR (95% CI)
Urban (n = 360)
Age 0.066 0.030 4.819 0.028 1.068 (1.007–1.133)
Male gender
(ref) female gender
0.655 0.496 1.747 0.186 1.925(0.729–5.086)
Inadequate protein intake
(Ref) Adequate protein intake
0.792 0.508 2.431 0.119 2.209 (0.816–5.928)
Tobacco consumption
(Ref) No tobacco consumption
0.041 0.666 0.004 0.951 1.042 (0.283–3.840)
Inadequate sunlight exposure
(Ref) Adequate sunlight exposure
-0.774 0.843 0.844 0.358 0.461 (0.088–2.405)
Lower socioeconomic class
(Ref) Higher socio-economic class
0.717 0.581 1.522 0.217 2.048 (0.656–6.395)
Physically inactive
(Ref) Physically active
1.523 0.560 7.386 0.007 4.587 (1.529–13.760)
Constant -6.820 1.878 13.185 0.000 0.001
Rural (n = 385)
Age 0.106 0.020 28.987 0.001 1.112 (1.070–1.156)
Male gender
(ref) female gender
0.365 0.277 1.740 0.187 1.441 (0.837–2.479)
Inadequate protein intake
(Ref) Adequate protein intake
0.793 0.477 2.762 0.097 2.211 (0.867–5.636)
Tobacco consumption
(Ref) No tobacco consumption
0.358 0.272 1.723 0.189 1.430 (0.838–2.439)
Inadequate sunlight exposure
(Ref) Adequate sunlight exposure
0.323 0.285 1.290 0.256 1.382 (0.791–2.414)
Lower socioeconomic class
(Ref) Higher socio-economic class
0.766 0.292 6.894 0.009 2.150 (1.214–3.808)
Physically inactive
(Ref) Physically active
-0.032 0.507 0.000 0.994 1.004 (0.371–2.714)
Constant -5.510 1.092 25.464 0.000 0.004