Figure 1.

Top: Snapshots of the simulated “Wave” (left) and “Budded” (right) systems. Bottom: Average mean (H, smooth lines) and Gaussian (K, dashed lines) curvatures as a function of the position along the y axis of the “Wave” and the distance from the center of the bud, respectively. Blue line: upper leaflet. Red line: lower leaflet. The leaflet normal vector was always taken to point from the acyl chains toward the headgroups. The arrows indicate regions of a given curvature. For a developable surface such as the “Wave” system, H(y) = (2R_y(y))⁻¹ is the inverse of the diameter of the osculating cylinder of radius R_y(y) to the surface at the corresponding value of y.