Table 2.

Patient demographics, surgical outcomes and postoperative complications

Characteristics	Result [n (%)]
Age (mean ± SD)	56.5 ± 6.8 (min 37, max 69)
Sex
Male	73
Female	1
Tumor location
Middle thoracic	31 (41.9)
Lower thoracic	43 (58.1)
CRT
No	49 (66.2)
Yes	25 (33.8)
pN stage
N0	45 (60.8)
N1	28 (37.8)
N2	1 (1.4)
Operation time (min) (mean ± SD)	319.8 ± 64.1 (min 210, max 500)
Intraoperative blood loss (ml) (mean ± SD)	149.9 ± 78.8 (min 210, max 380)
Intraoperative complication
Pleural adhesions	3 (4.1)
Emphysema	2 (2.7)
Tracheal trauma	1 (1.4)
Conversion to thoracotomy	0
Mean postoperative ICU stay (days)	4.6 ± 2.1 (min 2, max 13)
Mean postoperative hospital stay (days)	12.3 ± 4.6 (min 7, max 30)
Surgical complications
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy	8 (10.8)
Anastomotic leakage	3 (4.1)
Postoperative bleeding	2 (2.7)
Chylothorax	0
Non-surgical complications
Pneumonia	19 (25.7)
Arrhythmia	3 (4.1)
Mortality within 90 days	0
Severe complications (CD grade ≥ IIIa)
Yes	7 (9.5)
No	67 (90.5)
No. retrieved lymph nodes
Recurrent laryngeal nerve	11.4 ± 8.3 (min 2, max 55)
Thoracic	25.6 ±11.8 (min 9, max 74)
Abdominal	10.9 ± 5.4 (min 2, max 25)
Total	38.5 ± 14.8 (min 17, max 83)

CD, Clavien–Dindo; CRT, chemoradiotherapy; max, maximum; min, minimum.