. 2024 Sep 18;3:13337. doi: 10.3389/jaws.2024.13337

TABLE 3.

Primary and secondary outcomes.

	No. of studies analysed	Incidence in TCS group*	Incidence in control group*	Relative risk or mean difference (95% CI)**
Primary outcome: AWD
Intention-to-treat missing	7	1.7% (27/1,565) 105	2.8% (40/1,430) 109	0.70 (0.44–1.11) ^a
As-treated^† missing	7	1.7% (26/1,562) 104	2.9% (41/1,432) 110	0.67 (0.41–1.07) ^a
Per-protocol^‡ missing	7	1.5% (23/1,492) 42	2.9% (40/1,402) 52	0.58 (0.34–0.99) ^a
Secondary outcomes
Incisional SSI missing	7	10.3% (163/1,576) 94	13.8% (198/1,439) 100	0.80 (0.67–0.97) ^a
Skin dehiscence missing	3	10.4% (83/797) 91	11.6% (94/810) 100	0.94 (0.69–1.27) ^a
Hospital stay (days)^§ median, IQR missing	7	12 (9–19) 75	12 (9–17) 78	2.76 (2.72–2.81) ^b
All-cause reoperation^¶ (30 days) missing	6	9.7% (158/1,623) 63	8.4% (125/1,490) 57	1.18 (0.93–1.48) ^a
All-cause mortality (30 days) missing	6	1.2% (19/1,625) 0	1.9% (28/1,491) 0	0.67 (0.38–1.19) ^c

* Based on crude IPD.

** Missing data at participant level were imputed.

^† According to the suture that was actually used during surgery. One participant received both TCS, and control suture and was excluded from the as-treated analysis.

^‡ According to the as-treated principle and excluding participants that were reoperated for any reason other than AWD.

^§ Presented as median and interquartile range and analysed using bootstrapping because of a non-normal data distribution.

^¶ Three participants from one trial deceased within 30 days after surgery and data on reoperation were not available. These data were not imputed.

Variables included in the model:

^{^a}

gender, age, procedure type, type of surgery, diabetes mellitus

^{^b}

no adjustment

^{^c}

gender, age, procedure type, diabetes mellitus.

Bold indicates statistically significant results