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. 2024 Sep 17;26:e56804. doi: 10.2196/56804

Table 5.

Maternal health indicators and reporting format among reviewed dashboards (N=80).

Category Any indicator, n (%) Formata, n (%) Geographic levela, n (%)


Count Percentage or rate National State Substate region County Smaller than county
Health status and outcomes

Birth weight 54 (68) 27 (34) 50 (62) 15 (19) 48 (60) 20 (25) 37 (46) 7 (9)

Preterm birth 45 (56) 20 (25) 41 (51) 11 (14) 42 (52) 17 (21) 30 (38) 3 (4)

Infant mortality 42 (52) 19 (24) 39 (49) 16 (20) 35 (44) 13 (16) 31 (39) 3 (4)

Births 38 (48) 32 (40) 23 (29) 7 (9) 30 (38) 13 (16) 30 (38) 7 (9)

Mode of delivery 21 (26) 11 (14) 19 (24) 8 (10) 20 (25) 5 (6) 10 (12) 4 (5)

Pregnancy-related problems 16 (20) 8 (10) 15 (19) 2 (2) 15 (19) 6 (8) 8 (10) 3 (4)

Maternal depression or anxiety 14 (18) 5 (6) 14 (18) 2 (2) 14 (18) 6 (8) 4 (5) 1 (1)

Severe maternal morbidity 12 (15) 5 (6) 9 (11) 4 (5) 12 (15) 3 (4) 2 (2) 1 (1)

Maternal mortality 10 (12) 4 (5) 9 (11) 4 (5) 9 (11) 1 (1) 6 (8) 0 (0)

Birth defects 9 (11) 5 (6) 9 (11) 2 (2) 6 (8) 1 (1) 4 (5) 0 (0)

Neonatal abstinence syndrome 8 (10) 3 (4) 8 (10) 4 (5) 8 (10) 3 (4) 3 (4) 0 (0)

Other 14 (18) 9 (11) 13 (16) 2 (2) 12 (15) 4 (5) 9 (11) 2 (2)
Health behaviors and health care use

Receipt of prenatal care 57 (71) 21 (26) 54 (68) 13 (16) 53 (66) 20 (25) 35 (44) 3 (4)

Maternal smoking 42 (52) 16 (20) 41 (51) 10 (12) 39 (49) 16 (20) 22 (28) 0 (0)

Breastfeeding 22 (28) 8 (10) 21 (26) 6 (8) 21 (26) 7 (9) 7 (9) 2 (2)

Substance use 14 (18) 5 (6) 13 (16) 2 (2) 14 (18) 6 (8) 5 (6) 0 (0)

Oral health 13 (16) 4 (5) 13 (16) 1 (1) 12 (15) 3 (4) 2 (2) 0 (0)

Postpartum care 12 (15) 4 (5) 10 (12) 2 (2) 11 (14) 3 (4) 2 (2) 0 (0)

Maternal nutrition 11 (14) 4 (5) 11 (14) 1 (1) 11 (14) 4 (5) 4 (5) 0 (0)

Immunization 10 (12) 5 (6) 10 (12) 1 (1) 10 (12) 3 (4) 3 (4) 1 (1)

Contraception 9 (11) 3 (4) 9 (11) 2 (2) 9 (11) 5 (6) 4 (5) 1 (1)

Preventive health care visit 5 (6) 1 (1) 5 (6) 1 (1) 5 (6) 1 (1) 2 (2) 1 (1)

Smoking household 5 (6) 2 (2) 5 (6) 1 (1) 5 (6) 3 (4) 3 (4) 2 (2)

Other 19 (24) 9 (11) 17 (21) 3 (4) 18 (22) 7 (9) 8 (10) 3 (4)
Individual characteristics and risk factors

Maternal age 43 (54) 19 (24) 37 (46) 14 (18) 36 (45) 14 (18) 26 (32) 5 (6)

Preconception health 18 (22) 8 (10) 17 (21) 1 (1) 16 (20) 5 (6) 6 (8) 3 (4)

Maternal BMI 17 (21) 6 (8) 17 (21) 2 (2) 16 (20) 4 (5) 10 (12) 2 (2)

Health insurance status 17 (21) 9 (11) 17 (21) 3 (4) 15 (19) 3 (4) 8 (10) 3 (4)

Maternal education 17 (21) 11 (14) 14 (18) 4 (5) 16 (20) 5 (6) 11 (14) 3 (4)

Pregnancy intention 13 (16) 5 (6) 13 (16) 2 (23) 13 (16) 5 (6) 3 (4) 0 (0)

Stress or abuse 11 (14) 5 (6) 11 (14) 2 (2) 10 (12) 2 (2) 3 (4) 1 (1)

Maternal marital status 10 (12) 9 (11) 8 (10) 1 (1) 10 (12) 4 (5) 9 (11) 1 (1)

Plurality 9 (11) 7 (9) 8 (10) 1 (1) 9 (11) 3 (4) 8 (10) 2 (2)

Birth spacing 7 (9) 6 (8) 6 (8) 1 (1) 6 (8) 3 (4) 6 (8) 2 (2)

Number of prior births 7 (9) 5 (6) 7 (9) 0 (0) 7 (9) 3 (4) 4 (5) 1 (1)

Maternal race or ethnicity 5 (6) 2 (2) 4 (5) 0 (0) 5 (6) 2 (2) 1 (1) 1 (1)

Other 2 (2) 1 (1) 2 (2) 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 (0) 1 (1) 0 (0)
Health system characteristics

Population characteristic 18 (22) 7 (9) 17 (21) 3 (4) 16 (20) 5 (6) 13 (16) 4 (5)

WIC accessb 16 (20) 4 (5) 16 (20) 3 (4) 11 (14) 3 (4) 9 (11) 0 (0)

Availability of maternity care 12 (15) 6 (8) 6 (8) 2 (2) 9 (11) 3 (4) 8 (10) 3 (4)

Policy measures 4 (5) 3 (4) 1 (1) 3 (4) 2 (2) 2 (2) 1 (1) 0 (0)

Health care expenditure 2 (2) 2 (2) 0 (0) 0 (0) 2 (2) 1 (1) 2 (2) 1 (1)

Other 3 (4) 1 (1) 2 (2) 0 (0) 3 (4) 3 (4) 2 (2) 1 (1)

aDashboards may use >1 reporting format and >1 geographic level.

bWIC access: Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children access.