High-frequency stimulation (HFS) of OB ameliorates the abnormal neural coherences and cognitive memory deficits in Bod1-deficient mice and PD mice. (A) Schematic of HFS-DBS combined with olfactory-related working memory test. HFS (200 μA; 100 Hz; duration: 100 μs) to the OB in Bod1-deficient mice and PD mice. (B) Quantification of latency to zone A and B and total time in zone A and B during the training session between pre- and post-HFS DBS in Bod1-deficient mice (n = 7). (C) OB-aPC coherence of LFPs in pre- and post-HFS DBS in Bod1-deficient mice during the training session (n = 7). (D) Pearson’s correlation analysis of latency to zone A and total time in zone A during the test session versus the OB-aPC coherence at the beta band in the training session. (E) Quantification of latency to zone A and total time in zone A and B during the test session between pre- and post-HFS DBS in Bod1-deficient mice (n = 7). (F) Power spectrum of LFPs in the OB pre- and post-HFS-DBS in Bod1-deficient mice. (G) PLV for theta phase–gamma amplitude coupling pre- and post-HFS DBS in Bod1-deficient mice during the test session (n = 7). (H) OB-EC coherence of LFPs in pre- and post-HFS DBS in Bod1-deficient mice during the test session (n = 7). (I) Pearson’s correlation analysis of latency to zone A and total time in zone A during the test session versus the OB-EC coherence at the gamma band in the test session (n = 7). (J) Quantification of latency to zone A and B and total time in zone A and B during the training session between pre- and post-HFS DBS in PD mice (n = 5). (K) OB-aPC coherence of LFPs in pre- and post-HFS DBS in PD mice during the training session (n = 5). (L) Quantification of latency to zone A and total time in zone A and B during the test session between pre- and post-HFS DBS in PD mice (n = 5). (M) OB-EC coherence of LFPs in pre- and post-HFS DBS in in PD mice during the test session (n = 5). Data are presented as mean ± SEM; **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Two-way ANOVA for (B), (C), (H), (J), (K), and (M). Paired t test for (E), (G), and (L).