Table 1.
Characteristics of the studies included.
| References | Study design | Participants |
Type of intervention | Intervention dosage | Overall IIR per 1000 h | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | Sample size, sport | Sex | Age | ||||
| Achenbach et al. [64] Germany |
RCT | IG: 168 players (13 teams) CG: 111 players (10 teams) Handball |
Mixed | IG: 14.9 ± 0.9 y CG: 15.1 ± 1 y |
M-IPP | L: 46 weeks F: 1.4 days / week D: 15 min |
IG: 1.9 CG: 1.8 |
| Åkerlund et al. [65] Sweden |
RCT | IG: 301 players (31 teams) CG: 170 players (16 teams) Floorball |
Mixed | IG: 13.6 ± 1.1 y CG: 13.2 ± 1.3 y |
M-IPP | L: 26 weeks F: 1.5 days / week D: 20 min |
IG: 12.1 CG: 18.7 |
| Al Attar et al. [62] Saudi Arabia |
RCT | IG: 377 players (45 teams) CG: 363 players (43 teams) Soccer |
Male | IG: 7–13 (range) CG: 7–13 (range) |
M-IPP | L: 24 weeks F: 2 days / week D: 17.5 min |
IG: 0.9 CG: 2 |
| Azuma and Someya [19] Japan |
RCT | IG: 64 players (− teams) CG: 60 players (− teams) Soccer |
Male | IG: 16.2 ± 0.8 y CG: 16.2 ± 0.8 y |
S-IPP | L: 12 weeks F: 3 days / week D: 25 min |
IG: 2 CG: 4 |
| Barboza et al. [66] Netherlands |
N-RCT | IG: 135 players (10 teams) CG: 156 players (12 teams) Field hockey |
Mixed | IG: 11.5 ± 1.5 y CG: 12.9 ± 1.9 y |
M-IPP | L: 40 weeks F: 1.4 days / week D: 12 min |
IG: 4.1 CG: 6.4 |
| Emery et al. [14] Canada |
RCT | IG: 380 players (32 teams) CG: 364 players (28 teams) Indoor soccer |
Mixed | IG: 13–18 (range) CG: 13–18 (range) |
M-IPP | L: 20 weeks F: − D: 30 min |
IG: 2.1 CG: 3.4 |
| Emery et al. [13] Canada |
RCT | IG: 494 players (47 teams) CG: 426 players (41 teams) Basketball |
Mixed | IG: 13–18 (range) CG: 12–18 (range) |
M-IPP | L: 18 weeks F: − D: 35 min |
IG: 3.3 CG: 4 |
| Hislop et al. [67] United Kingdom |
RCT | IG: 1325 players (44 teams) CG: 1127 players (39 teams) Rugby |
Male | IG: 16 ± 1.2 y CG: 15.9 ± 1.1 y |
M-IPP | L: 14 weeks F: 2 days / week D: 15 min |
IG: 7.8 CG: 8.1 |
| Imai et al. [20] Japan |
N-RCT | IG: 36 players (1 team) CG: 38 players (1 team) Soccer |
Male | IG: 12–14 (range) CG: 12–14 (range) |
S-IPP | L: 32 weeks F: 6 days / week D: 5 min |
IG: 2.7 CG: 4.9 |
| Junge et al. [53] Switzerland |
N-RCT | IG: 101 players (7 teams) CG: 93 players (7 teams) Soccer |
Male | IG: 16.7 ± 1.2 y CG: 16.3 ± 1.2 y |
M-IPP | L: 48 weeks F: − D: − |
IG: 6.7 CG: 8.5 |
| Longo et al. [54] Italy |
RCT | IG: 80 players (7 teams) CG: 41 players (4 teams) Basketball |
Male | IG: 13.5 ± 2.3 y CG: 15.2 ± 4.6 y |
M-IPP | L: 36 weeks F: 2 days / week D: 20 min |
IG: 0.6 CG: 1.3 |
| Olsen et al. [55] Norway |
RCT | IG: 958 players (61 teams) CG: 879 players (59 teams) Handball |
Mixed | IG: 16.3 ± 0.6 y CG: 16.2 ± 0.6 y |
M-IPP | L: 32 weeks F: 1 day / week D: 17.5 min |
IG: 1.1 CG: 2.2 |
| Owoeye et al. [56] Nigeria |
RCT | IG: 212 players (10 teams) CG: 204 players (10 teams) Soccer |
Male | IG: 17.8 ± 0.9 y CG: 17.5 ± 1.1 y |
M-IPP | L: 24 weeks F: 2 days / week D: 20 min |
IG: 0.7 CG: 1.5 |
| Rössler et al. [12] Switzerland, Germany, Czech Republic and Netherlands |
RCT | IG: 2066 players (128 teams) CG: 1829 players (115 teams) Soccer |
Mixed | IG: 10.8 ± 1.4 y CG: 10.7 ± 1.4 y |
M-IPP | L: 40 weeks F: 2 days / week D: 17.5 min |
IG: 1 CG: 1.6 |
| Soligard et al. [11] Norway |
RCT | IG: 1055 players (52 teams) CG: 837 players (41 teams) Soccer |
Female | IG: 15.4 ± 0.7 y CG: 15.4 ± 0.7 y |
M-IPP | L: 32 weeks F: 2 days / week D: 20 min |
IG: 3.2 CG: 4.7 |
| Steffen et al. [57] Norway |
RCT | IG: 1073 players (58 teams) CG: 947 players (51 teams) Soccer |
Female | IG: 15.4 ± 0.8 y CG: 15.4 ± 0.8 y |
M-IPP | L: 25 weeks F: 1 day / week D: 20 min |
IG: 3.6 CG: 3.7 |
| Verhagen et al. [63] Netherlands |
RCT | IG: 282 players (35 teams) CG: 236 players (31 teams) Volleyball |
Mixed | IG: 12.9 ± 1.6 y CG: 12.6 ± 1.7 y |
M-IPP | L: 28 weeks F: 2 days / week D: 15 min |
IG: 1.6 CG: 2.7 |
| Wedderkopp et al. [58] Denmark |
RCT | IG: 111 players (11 teams) CG: 126 players (11 teams) Handball |
Female | IG: 16–18 (range) CG: 16–18 (range) |
M-IPP | L: 40 weeks F: − D: 12.5 min |
IG: 1 CG: 3.7 |
| Zarei et al. [59] Iran |
RCT | IG: 34 players (2 teams) CG: 32 players (2 teams) Soccer |
Male | IG: 15.3 ± 0.6 y CG: 15.5 ± 0.7 y |
M-IPP | L: 30 weeks F: 3.3 days / week D: 20 min |
IG: 2.9 CG: 4.3 |
| Zarei et al. [60] Iran |
RCT | IG: 443 players (15 teams) CG: 519 players (17 teams) Soccer |
Male | IG: 12.1 ± 1.8 y CG: 12.2 ± 1.7 y |
M-IPP | L: 36 weeks F: 2 days / week D: 20 min |
IG: 0.9 CG: 1.9 |
| Zouita et al. [61] Tunisia |
RCT | IG: 26 players (− teams) CG: 26 players (− teams) Soccer |
Male | IG: 13–14 (range) CG: 13–14 (range) |
S-IPP | L: 12 weeks F: 2.5 days / week D: 90 min |
IG: 0.8 CG: 2.7 |
L: length; F: frequency, D: duration; S-IPP: Single-component injury prevention program; M-IPP: Multicomponent injury prevention program; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; N-RCT: Non-randomized controlled trial; IG: Intervention group; CG: Control group; IIR: Injury incidence rate.