Table 1.
Summary table to compare the prevalence of poor sleep quality in different trimester of pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries
| Women’s characteristics | Included studies | Number of participant | Pooled prevalence (%) | 95% CI | I-square (%) | Publication bias tests |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First trimester | 17 | 11,610 | 37.46 | 29.26, 45.67 | 98.8 | Egger test (p = 1.0000) |
| Subgroup analysis based on income level | ||||||
| LIC | 5 | 1884 | 35.59 | 17.83, 35.35 | 98.9 | |
| LMIC | 2 | 260 | 33.15 | 21.98, 44.32 | 74.1 | |
| UMIC | 10 | 9466 | 39.48 | 28.69, 50.31 | 99.1 | |
| Second trimester | 18 | 7168 | 47.62 | 42.23, 53.02 | 95.0 | Egger test (p = 1.0000) |
| Subgroup analysis based on income level | ||||||
| LIC | 5 | 1884 | 47.90 | 34.88, 60.93 | 97.2 | |
| LMIC | 3 | 519 | 47.29 | 42.26, 52.32 | 15.7* | |
| UMIC | 10 | 4538 | 47.02 | 39.72, 54.32 | 95.3 | |
| Third trimester | 28 | 9265 | 60.05 | 51.32, 68.78 | 98.9 | Egger test (p = 0.9148) |
| Subgroup analysis based on income level | ||||||
| LIC | 5 | 1884 | 53.78 | 35.46, 72.11 | 98.7 | |
| LMIC | 7 | 1129 | 59.52 | 48.71, 70.34 | 94.2 | |
| UMIC | 16 | 6252 | 62.41 | 49.00, 75.82 | 99.3 | |
LIC: low income countries; LMIC: lower middle-income countries; UMIC: upper middle income countries; * low heterogeneity