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. 2024 Sep 16;6(3):374–387. doi: 10.1089/aut.2023.0022

Table 1.

Demographic Characteristics of the Sample and Overall Traumatic Event and Symptom Descriptive Characteristics

  Autistic, M (SD) Nonautistic, M (SD) Group differences
t(df) p Cohen's d
Age, years 29.00 (9.80) 45.69 (16.12) t(606.66) = 16.15 <0.001 1.21
Household income, USD 34,933 (40,194) 56,753 (68,042) t(588.13) = 4.99 <0.001 0.38
Autistic traits (AQ-Short score) 78.61 (11.28) 64.47 (10.72) t(617) = 15.91 <0.001 1.29
Depression symptoms (PHQ-4) 2.92 (1.91) 1.55 (1.78) t(570.53) = 9.33 <0.001 0.75
Anxiety symptoms (PHQ-4) 3.02 (1.87) 1.61 (1.92) t(634) = 9.32 <0.001 0.75
  n, % χ2 p
Gender
 
56.91, df = 2
<0.001
 Cisgender woman
93, 33.7
180, 49.9
 
 
 Cisgender man
128, 46.4
172, 47.6
 Transgender or nonbinary
55, 19.9
9, 2.5
Race/ethnicity
 
 
15.38, df = 2
<0.001
 White/non-Hispanic
205, 74.3
239, 66.2
   
 Black/African American
14, 5.1
53, 14.7
 Other/not listed 57, 20.7 69, 19.1
  Autistic, M (SD) Nonautistic, M (SD) t(df) p Cohen's d
Overall traumatic events (0–17)
 Number happened to me
3.21 (2.67)
2.55 (2.44)
t(562.44) = −3.21
0.001
−0.26
 Number witnessed
1.94 (2.50)
1.26 (2.00)
t(515.01) = −3.69
<0.001
−0.30
 Number learned about
2.49 (3.97)
1.71 (3.31)
t(531.94) = −2.64
0.008
−0.22
 Number part of job
0.28 (1.36)
0.11 (0.67)
t(377.37) = −1.82
0.07
−0.16
PCL symptom scores
 Total score
39.14 (22.47)
24.22 (21.10)
t(626) = −8.53
<0.001
−0.69
 Cluster B (re-experiencing)
9.97 (6.16)
6.56 (5.88)
t(626) = −7.06
<0.001
−0.57
 Cluster C (avoidance)
4.55 (2.83)
3.37 (2.81)
t(626) = −5.18
<0.001
−0.42
 Cluster D (Neg mood/cognition)
13.96 (8.63)
8.22 (8.05)
t(626) = −8.57
<0.001
−0.69
 Cluster E (hyperarousal) 10.67 (6.76) 6.12 (6.26) t(626) = −8.71 <0.001 −0.70

The transgender and/or nonbinary category consisted of those who selected transgender, nonbinary, agender, or not listed. The other/not listed race/ethnicity category consisted of those who selected Hispanic or Latino/a, bi- or multiracial, Asian or Asian American, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, American Indian or Native Alaskan, Middle Eastern, Southwest Asian, or North African, or not listed.

AQ-Short, Autism-Spectrum Quotient-Short; PCL, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist; PHQ-4, Patient Health Questionnaire-4; USD, U.S. dollars, rounded to the nearest dollar.