Table 3. Adjusted Estimates of Cognitive Changes in Global Cognition Among All Participants and in the Stroke and No-Stroke Groupsa.
| Measure (model variable)c | All participants (N = 10 814)b | Stroke only (n = 388) | No-stroke only (n = 10 426) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient (95% CI) | P value | Coefficient (95% CI) | P value | Coefficient (95% CI) | P value | |
| Slope without incident stroke (TIS; SD/y) | −0.049 (−0.051 to −0.047) | <.001 | −0.048 (−0.063 to −0.033) | <.001 | −0.049 (−0.051 to −0.047) | <.001 |
| Acute effect of stroke on cognitive level (stroke; SD) | −0.251 (−0.332 to −0.170) | <.001 | −0.261 (−0.367 to −0.156) | <.001 | NA | NA |
| Difference in poststroke slope relative to TIS (TSS; SD/y) | −0.038 (−0.057 to −0.019) | <.001 | −0.039 (−0.064 to −0.013) | .003 | NA | NA |
Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; TIS, time in study; TSS, time since stroke.
The adjusted model adjusted for baseline age, sex, education, ethnic and racial groups, study entry period (before vs after 2000), history of diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, high cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, apolipoprotein E ε4 allele carrier, depression, physical activity (moderate or vigorous vs minimal activity), and alcohol use (≥1 vs <1 drink per week). Unadjusted results are shown in eTable 13 in Supplement 1.
All participants (with global cognition data) were included in the estimate of the slope without incident stroke; poststroke trajectory was estimated in those with an incident stroke (388 participants).
Additional interpretation of model coefficients: TIS = rate of decline over stroke-free trajectory; stroke = difference in intercepts between stroke-free and poststroke trajectories when TSS = 0; TSS = effect of stroke on rate of decline.