Table 2.
List of variables
| Variable | Definition | Measure | Code | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total labor force | Number of individuals who can work and meet the requirements for inclusive employment | Total number in millions | TLF | WDI |
| Consumption expenditure | Amount of money spent on final goods and services | Share in GDP | CEX | WDI |
| Health expenditure share in GDP | Amount of money spent on health-oriented goods and services | Share in GDP | HEX | WDI |
| Traffic | Movement of people and goods from one place to another through roads, railways, and air | Index measure constructed for factor analysis | TRF | OECD |
| Transport infrastructure | Services provided by the government or institutions to people to enable their movement from one location to another | Index measure constructed for factor analysis | TIF | OECD |
| GDP per capita | Total outputs (from all sectors) of a country divided by number of people | Current USD | CGDPPC | WDI |
| Life expectancy | Average lifetime (number of years) of an individual; estimated number of years remaining to an individual who has reached a certain age | Life expectancy at birth | LXP | WDI |
| Morbidity | State of having an illness/disease or mental or physical symptoms of a disease | Total number of persons with illness/disease | MRB | OECD |
| Mortality | State of being dead; intended/condition for death | Per 1,000 births under five years of age | MRT | WDI |
| Governance | WGI developed by World Bank to assess governance quality; WGI contains six dimensions, namely, voice and accountability, governance effectiveness, rule of law, monitoring quality, political stability and absence of violence, and control of corruption | Index measure constructed for factor analysis | GOV | WDI |
| Medical graduates | Number of physicians/doctors with expertise and medical training from national and international institutions | Per 100,000 inhabitants | MG | OECD |
| Medical infrastructure | Facilities provided by institutions in the form of doctors (surgeons, physicians, and so on), assistants (nurses), hospitals, and staff to individuals (patients) | Index measure constructed for factor analysis | MIF | OECD |
| Pharmaceutical expenditure | Expenses related to prescription medicines and self-medication, including over-the-counter medicines borne by medical entities, such as hospital units, and patients | Index measure constructed for factor analysis | PHE | OECD |